环境优先污染物的筛选原则、程序和方法

确定环境优先污染物,是控制和防治化学品污染的带有战略性的一项基础性工作。本文根据研究编别区域环境优先污染物名单中的实践,并借鉴国内外有关经验,就筛选环境优先污染物的有关原则、程序和方法进行探讨。     

落实科学发展观 加速绿色景区创建

旅游业是社会经济的重要组成部分,但其发展过程中出现了严重的资源破坏、环境污染问题,甚至影响到它进一步发展。绿色景区创建是改变旅游业粗放经营现状、解决旅游环境问题、构建和谐社会的需要。本文阐述了绿色景区的基本内涵与创建意义,指出绿色景区创建的基本任务、方法程序和核心内容以及绿色景区创建的支撑条件与技术保障措施,为绿色景区创建提供基本思路,对旅游业持续发展具有积极意义。     

建设项目环境影响后评价

建设项目环境影响后评价是一个新生事物,它的发生和发展需要人员的关注和支持。《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》是建设项目环境影响后评价的法律依据,建设项目环境影响后评价分为主动后评价和责成后评价,应当在建设项目正常运行阶段,运行负荷会达到设计符合的75%以上进行。建设项目环境影响后评价的主要程序分为准备阶段、评价阶段和报告编制阶段,各阶段均有后评价独特的工作内容和技术要求。据此以污水处理厂后评价为例,沿着评价程序的这一主线,详细介绍了建设项目环境影响后评价各阶段的主要工作内容和技术要求,为规范建设项目环境影响后评价提供思路。     

滇池大清河河口二维水环境模型研究与应用

以滇池大清河河口为对象,根据其水动力特征,建立了二维水环境模型.其中水动力模块采用交替方向迭代法进行数值求解,水质模块中参数的取值通过2006年和2007年现场原位实验和实验室模拟实验获得,并利用2007年的实际监测数据对模型进行率定和验证.运用率定的模型,模拟了生态修复工程实施后大清河人湖控制断面的水质变化情况,以期为治理方案的优化和效果评价提供参考.     

不同目标导向性规划环境影响评价方法浅析

规划环境影响评价是环境影响评价在规划层次的应用,是对规划或计划及其替代方案的环境影响进行规范、系统、综合的评价过程.就政策导向性和项目导向性规划,从规划环评的方法与程序方面进行了比较、分析,并结合嘉兴滨海新区和巢湖皖维化工基地两个规划环评实例进行了案例研究.     

Force-Velocity Characteristics of Individual Human Skeletal Muscles: TBCIat and TBCIong. Outline of the Method

The aim of the work is to outline a procedure of finding force-velocity (F–V) characteristics (F = f(V)) of individual skeletal muscles of the human locomotor system. The presentation is based on an example concerning extensors of the elbow joint: the lateral and long heads of triceps brachii (TBCIat and TBCIong). The experimental part of the procedure involves a natural movement of using the upper extremity to push an external object of variable, adjustable load, engaging both the elbow and shoulder joint.

Five men aged 23 took part in the experiment. Their task was to push the handle of a physical pendulum whose moment of inertia could be adjusted within the range of 58 kg m²-450 kg m², so as to give it maximum angular velocity. During each trial the movement of the trunk, of the upper extremity and of the pendulum was video recorded and the force applied with the hand to the handle of the pendulum was measured.

In order to find the F–V characteristics a simulation model SHOULDER was used, which is capable of solving the synergy problem for muscles of the arm and the shoulder girdle.

It was found that despite considerable dispersion of experimental points the respective regression lines revealed a clear tendency of decreasing muscle force for increased shortening velocity of the monoarticular head (TBCIat) and of increasing muscle force for increased lengthening velocity of the biarticular head (TBCIong) of the triceps brachii muscle.     

铅锌冶炼废水处理后沉渣重金属元素特征与环境活性研究

通过扫描电子显微镜与X射线衍射仪分析、BCR法三步连续提取及元素化学分析,对铅锌冶炼废水处理后沉渣中重金属的赋存状态、环境活性进行研究。结果表明,沉渣中主要毒害元素为Zn、Pb、Mn、Cd和Cu,且以非晶态存在,其含量分别为62350、29530、7650、4530和830 mg/kg。渣中Zn和Cd酸可提取态所占比例较大,分别为37.72%和34.44%; Mn的可还原态相对含量很高,达到49.67%;Zn和Pb的可氧化态含量较高,分别占全量的34.16%、34.68%;Pb和Cu的残渣态含量较高,分别占全量的39.72%和61.69%。     

Occurrence of organic pollutants in recovered soil fines from construction and demolition waste

The objective of this study was to characterize recovered soil fines from construction and demolition (C&D) waste recycling facilities for trace organic pollutants. Over a period of 18 months, five sampling trips were made to 14 C&D waste recycling facilities in Florida. Screened soil fines were collected from older stockpiles and newly generated piles at the sites. The samples were analyzed for the total concentration (mg/kg) of a series of volatile organic compound (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (semi-VOCs). The synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) test was also performed to evaluate the leachability of the trace organic chemicals. During the total analysis only a few volatile organic compounds were commonly found in the samples (trichlorofluoromethane, toluene, 4-isopropyltoluene, trimethylbenzene, xylenes, and methylene chloride). A total of nine VOCs were detected in the leaching test. Toluene showed the highest leachability among the compounds (61.3-92.0%), while trichlorofluoromethane, the most commonly detected compound from both the total and leaching tests, resulted in the lowest leachability (1.4-39.9%). For the semi-VOC analysis, three base-neutral semi-VOC compounds (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, and di-n-butyl phthalate) and several PAHs (acenaphthene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and phenanthrene) were commonly detected in C&D fines samples. These compounds also leached during the SPLP leaching test (0.1-25%). No acid extractable compounds, pesticides, or PCBs were detected. The results of this study were further investigated to assess risk from land applied recovered soil fines by comparing total and leaching concentrations of recovered soil fines samples to risk-based standards. The results of this indicate that the organic chemicals in recovered soil fines from C&D debris recycling facilities were not of a major concern in terms of human risk and leaching risk to groundwater under reuse and contact scenarios.     

中美新化学物质管理制度的比较

简要叙述了中美两国新化学物质管理的基本情况,分别从管理原则、管理范围、管理具体要求、申报种类、评审程序、监督管理等方面重点论述了中美新化学物质管理制度的特点。通过借鉴美国新化学物质管理的优点及经验,提出了强化和完善中国新化学物质管理制度的对策。     

战略环境评价系统及工作程序

介绍了战略环境评价系统组成的五个要素 ,即评价者、评价对象、评价目的、评价标准和评价方法 ,分析了其相互关系及各要素与战略环境评价系统的关系 ,并提出了战略环境评价工作程序。