Simultaneous effect of shift work on blood pressure and lipid profile: a path analysis

The aim of this study was to assess the direct and indirect effects of shift work (SW) on the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and lipid profile of male workers. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving 6539 male workers of Esfahan Mobarakeh Steel Company. From all of the participants, 3065 (46.8%) were day workers and the remainder were shift workers. The results of path analysis revealed that the most effective variables on SBP were body mass index, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides and SW with a total effect of 0.241, 0.095, 0.064 and 0.056, respectively.     

互助资金政策对贫困村劳动力流动的影响--基于5省10县准实验研究的DID分析

促进贫困地区农村劳动力向外流动是提高农民收入、缩小城乡差距的关键。在农村劳动力尤其是贫困劳动力外流增速放缓的背景下,文章从信贷约束缓解的视角出发,基于5省10县互助资金监测的准实验研究项目,借助双重差分(DID)模型,利用1059个微观农户的三期面板数据,从家庭层面考察了互助资金政策对贫困村劳动力流动的影响,并从缓解流动性约束、资本替代劳动和提供隐性担保三个角度对作用机制进行了分析和检验。研究结果表明:①互助资金政策的实施对贫困村劳动力外流具有显著的促进作用。安慰剂检验和稳健性检验进一步加强了研究结论的可靠性。②缓解农户的流动性约束是互助资金促进贫困村劳动力外流的路径之一,通过向农户提供借款,使农户尤其是贫困农户获得了满足迁移成本的金融资源,从而促进了向外流动。③资本替代劳动的机制作用并不明显,这可能与互助资金借款额度有限有关,无法满足农户机械化的资本需求。④为农户家庭面临的收入风险提供隐性担保也是互助资金促进贫困村劳动力外流的路径之一,通过为农户提供资金融通渠道,确保农户即使在外流失败的情况下能够通过向互助资金借贷平滑消费和缓解风险冲击。研究结论为探索农村金融供给能否成为进一步促进剩余贫困劳动力转移的契机提供了有理论价值和可操作的视角,未来应继续坚持农村金融改革的步伐,加快金融产品和金融工具创新,不断提高贫困农户的信贷可得性和可持续性收益。     

对完善和落实工伤保险制度的探讨

当前工伤保险制度存在一些不足,导致工伤保险的作用发挥受到很大的限制,因此建立和完善与工伤风险相对应的费率机制和强化工会组织在贯彻落实<工伤保险条例>中的作用势在必行,同时两者系统地结合将促使企业由"重赔偿、轻预防"的模式向事故预防为主的方向转变,有力推进绿色劳动的全面推广.     

Effects of safety climate on safety norm violations: exploring the mediating role of attitudinal ambivalence toward personal protective equipment

Problem

Research on the role of organizational and psychosocial factors in influencing risk behaviors and the likelihood of injury at work showed that safety climate also has great impact on workers’ behavior. However, the mechanisms through which this impact operates are still partially unclear.

Method

In order to explore the role that attitudinal ambivalence toward wearing PPE might play in mediating the impact of safety climate on safety norm violations, a questionnaire was administered to 345 Italian workers.

Results

Three dimensions of safety climate (i.e., company safety concern, senior managers’ safety concern, supervisors’ attitudes towards safety) were found to be positively associated with the individual ambivalence level, whereas the fourth one (i.e., work pressure) was negatively correlated with it. In turn, low levels of ambivalence were associated with a lower tendency to break the safety norms, even though the perception of a good safety climate also maintained a direct effect on unsafe behaviors.

Impact on industry

Designers of training program for the prevention of work related injuries must pay great attention to the psycho-social factors (such as the effects of the safety climate perception by employees on their attitudes and behaviors), and include specific contents into the prevention programs in order to improve workers compliance with safety norms.     

金家坞金矿地质构造与采掘工作的关系

地质构造控制着矿体的空间分布和形态,因此对矿山采掘工作影响很大.应根据矿山地质构造采取相应的安全措施,以确保矿山安全生产.     

Stressful but rewarding: Norwegian personnel mobilised for the 2004 tsunami disaster

Adequate responses to disasters and emergency situations rely, among other factors, on coping abilities in disaster workers and emergency personnel. In this study, different aspects of disaster-related stressors and training/experience were investigated in Norwegian personnel (n = 581) mobilised for the 2004 tsunami disaster. The level of stress reactions, measured nine to ten months after the tsunami, was relatively low in this sample, indicating that the personnel coped well with the challenges of the disaster. The level of intrusive memories was higher in disaster-area personnel (n = 335) than in home-base personnel (n = 246). Stress reactions were significantly associated with witnessing experiences (disaster-area group) and with having to reject victims in need of help (both groups). Specific preparation for the mission was associated with a lower level of stress reactions in disaster-area personnel. Such factors may be considered in training and preparation programmes for disaster workers.     

安全生产责任的制度整合与伦理道德建设

在分析安全生产责任危机含义和安全生产责任概念基础上,指明安全生产责任体系的"四要素",即道德责任、政治责任、法律责任与管理责任,重点阐明道德责任是该体系的基础要素及其意义。根据对我国现有安全生产责任制度的分析,提出一个关于安全生产责任制度建设的伦理框架:强化安全生产责任意识;用人权伦理原则对安全生产责任制度伦理化;以特定的安全生产责任的伦理规范和准则构建责任规则系统;强化责任主体道德素质培养与监察制度建设,促使其自觉履行好自身应负的安全生产责任。总之,该理论框架为安全生产责任制度建立提供一个新的伦理学基础。     

化工园区应急管理模式研究

在化工园区特点和危险性分析的基础上,建立"风险防控、应急队伍、应急平台、应急组织、应急预案、运行机制"的化工园区应急管理模式;探讨加强化工园区应急管理的对策措施;提出以重大危险源普查与监控、区域风险评价和安全规划为重点,构建风险防控与管理体系;增强包括公安消防特勤队、特种工程抢险队、医疗救护队在内的化工园区应急救援队伍的处置能力;依托园区现行管理体制完善应急组织体制及其运行机制;完善化工园区应急预案体系等。     

安全生产效益的分析评价及其与安全投入的关系

通过把握和界定安全效益、安全投入等反映安全生产的经济活动特征和规律的经济学范畴的内涵,指出从企业的经营利润指标上看安全投入不能带来直接经济效益,只产生远期(长远)的、潜在的间接性效益,包括间接经济效益和非经济效益,安全投入的效益具有间接性、潜在性、隐形性、不确定性和迟滞性。由于生产安全事故风险不可能为零,当事故预防水平达到一定程度(可接受的程度及其以下)时,通过增加经济投入提高预防水平而对于事故风险的削减无明显的效果,就应考虑与经济效益的结合问题。笔者提出安全投入数量限度问题和安全投入的阈值;并进一步建立安全效益评价模型和安全投入与安全指标的函数关系模型,对安全投入与安全水平(安全指标)、安全效益的关联关系进行了定性分析。     

省域安全生产应急救援指挥平台框架体系研究

分析省级安全生产应急救援指挥的业务特点,认为它是一个平时模拟演练和事故现场应急指挥并重、平战结合的一体化过程,是一个广域多部门实时动态的联动过程;笔者提出安全生产应急救援的框架体系,并以网络为基础,以信息技术为手段,以智能设备为前端而构建一个实时直观的应急指挥有机体,包括基础支持系统、综合应用系统、数据库系统、移动指挥平台、前端展示系统,以及法律法规等体系、安全保障体系等,同时重点分析其中的网络结构、综合应用系统,以及与其他单位系统的接口。该框架体系通过广东省安全生产监督管理部门的验证,在实践中是可行的。