小型实验室管理体系内部审核的策划与实施

针对小型实验室的特点，提出适宜小型实验室实施管理体系内部审核的方法和手段。     

实验室常见化学废弃物的危害及处理

论述了实验室几种常见废弃物的危害及处理方法，指出了废弃物必须经过有效处理，才能利于环境保护，防止意外事故发生。     

Effects of ultraviolet radiation on toad early life stages

Background  Exposure to harmful levels of ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB), a component of solar radiation, has been suggested as a potential cause of amphibian declines. Methods  We measured solar radiation (UVB, ultraviolet-A, and visible) wavebands in breeding ponds of Bufo boreas (boreal toad, a montane species that has undergone severe population declines) and Bufo woodhousii (Woodhouse’s toad, a plains toad that has not experienced declines) and examined tolerances of these species to simulated solar UVB exposures in the laboratory. Results  We found larvae of both species to be tolerant of simulated solar UVB in excess of solar UVB levels observed in their breeding ponds. B. boreas tadpoles were more tolerant of simulated solar UVB exposure than B. woodhousii tadpoles, possibly because of greater amounts of photoprotective melanin in B. boreas skin. Conclusions  UVB levels observed in B. boreas habitats do not currently appear to constitute a threat to the survival of these animals; however, long-term (>1 month) exposure to UVB levels comparable to levels associated with the water interface appears to reduce survival in B. woodhousii tadpoles. Therefore, future increases in surface and water column UVB radiation in bufonid habitats might pose significant survival risks to B. boreas or B. woodhousii populations.     

Ensuring the service quality at a university construction technology laboratory in Brazil

Service quality in a construction technology laboratory can result in an improvement in construction companies’ competitiveness. This research aims to evaluate the service quality provided by a construction technology laboratory, specifically in the segment of performing testing through the rupturing of concrete samples. For this research, a survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire that was created based on a literature review regarding the surveying of laboratory customers at a university in the south of Brazil. Our research was both exploratory and quantitative, and the data were analyzed by applying multivariate data analysis. The conclusions of this study show that the dimensions of quality services are: communication, reliability, responsiveness, credibility, and tangibility. These five dimensions together provide a high explained variance standard of 79.75%. Having a suitable number of attendants available to serve customers and presenting agility in the construction laboratory is one of the managerial research contributions. Moreover, through information availability, this research generates greater traceability that can be used both by customers and by institutional management. Constantly and thoroughly monitoring the customer service cycle is another relevant factor that can improve the quality of the services provided.     

环境监测实验室污染及预防研究

针对环境监测实验室污染及预防对策探讨问题,文中首先对环境监测实验室环境污染的种类分析,如对环境监测中废水的处理、介绍了对环境监测中废气的处理和对环境监测中固体废物的处理等方式;然后进行了对环境污染的分析,探讨了对环境监测经常使用有机溶剂、环境监测实验室污染种类针对缺乏实验室的环境污染的治理方面存在的问题,提出对环境污染的预防方法,给出了选择有效的处理方式、实施全程跟踪监督管理和选择污染较少的分析方法的具体措施.     

园林工程与生态实验室建设初探

为了适应园林工程与生态保护的实验课程建设,建议建设园林工程与生态实验室;该实验室将建立三个分实验室,即园林规划设计实验分室、植物栽培与保护实验分室、测绘与生态监测实验分室;实验室投入使用后可以满足园林及生态保护所有的课程实验,并为教师提供科研基地。     

海洋沉积物-水界面营养盐交换过程的研究1

对胶州湾和渤海沉积物分别进行室内培养实验.结果表明,在沉积物中加入营养盐后,铵氮、硅酸盐由沉积物向水体的迁移增大,铵氮的迁移在总溶解态氮的交换中起主要作用,其交换量约占总溶解态氮扩散量的76%,硝酸盐及磷酸盐由水体向沉积物的迁移减弱.在上覆水中加入营养盐后,硝酸盐、磷酸盐由水体向沉积物的迁移增大,硝酸氮的迁移占总溶解态氮交换的主要部分,约为62%.铵由沉积物向水体的迁移减弱,硅酸盐变成由水体向沉积物迁移.沉积物对于上覆水中营养盐的浓度具有一定的调节作用.无论在充空气或充氮气条件下,磷及硅的交换速率变化不明显,铵氮的迁移占总溶解态氮扩散量的98%以上.充氧条件下硝酸盐由沉积物向上覆水的迁移通量较充氮气条件增加.比较两种不同的通量计算方法(积分和拟合),结果表明由两种计算方法计算的交换速率的变化趋势基本是一致的.     

环境监测实验室重要试剂及耗材的质量验收方法

阐述了对环境监测实验室重要试剂及消耗性材料进行质量验收的必要性,以实验用水、过硫酸钾、活性炭采样管和滤膜等典型的试剂及消耗材料为例,介绍了常用的重要试剂及消耗性材料质量验收的程序、范围、方法、要求与结果讨论.     

车载辐射环境巡测技术应用的探讨

简述了国内外车载辐射巡测技术应用与系统配置情况,我国各级辐射环境监测与监察机构的车载巡测技术能力现状,分析了我国车载巡测系统测试中存在的监测标准规范适用性、监测方法、校准刻度的方法和管理问题,提出环境保护部门应制定车载系统测试相关的规范和要求,建立环保系统车载系统测试和校准刻度实验室的建议。     

LIMS引进过程中的问题及对策浅析

简述了实验室信息管理系统的概念,介绍了南通市环境监测中心站在调研实验室信息管理系统过程中的一些体会。着重分析了实验室在考虑工作领域、组织架构、质量目标、体系运行、业务流程、设备配置、人员组成、工作类型和工作量变化等因素的前提下,选择LIMS需遵循的原则、实施前的注意点以及它对实验室在流程和效率方面改善的讨论。