漆酶对活性艳蓝染料废水脱色

用白腐真菌漆酶对活性艳蓝X-BR和活性艳蓝K-NR 2种活性染料进行脱色实验。研究了pH、温度、染料浓度和酶活力对脱色率的影响。结果表明,漆酶脱色的适宜条件为:反应温度45℃,pH 6～7,适宜染料浓度为50 mg/L,酶浓度5 U/mL,反应1 h两种染料脱色率可达到75%;通过正交实验确定2种染料的最佳脱色组合分别为:反应温度55℃、pH7、活性艳蓝X-BR浓度50 mg/L、酶浓度5 U/mL和反应温度55℃、pH 6、活性艳蓝K-NR浓度50 mg/L、酶浓度5 U/mL。在所得最优条件下反应1 h,活性艳蓝X-BR和活性艳蓝K-NR的脱色率分别为74.2%和78.6%;反应2 h,脱色率分别为78%和79.5%。     

应用漆酶SUKALacc脱色处理纺织染料

印染废水中含有大量的剩余染料,对生态环境构成了巨大威胁.漆酶能够氧化多种纺织染料使其脱色,在印染废水处理领域具有潜在的应用性.为了开发基于酶技术的印染废水处理工艺,利用商业化的漆酶制剂SUKALaccTM对5种常见纺织染料的脱色能力进行了测试,结果显示,SUKALaccTM对于这些测试的染料均具有脱色效果,脱色效率为14.85%~85.97%;此外,还考察了酶制剂浓度、染料浓度、温度和pH等因素对脱色效率的影响,确定了最优的反应条件;利用斜生栅藻 (Scenedesmus obliquus) 和大型溞 (Daphnia magna) 分别对酶处理后的染料毒性进行了测试,结果表明,酶制剂处理后的染料毒性减弱.这些实验结果为漆酶制剂实际应用于印染废水处理奠定了坚实基础.     

Degradation of Polyethylene and Nylon-66 by the Laccase-Mediator System

We investigated whether the laccase-mediator system (LMS) with 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) as a mediator could degrade high-molecular-weight polyethylene and nylon-66 membranes. The LMS markedly reduced the elongation and tensile strength of these membranes. After 3 days of treatment with the LMS, the M_w of polyethylene decreased from 242,000 to 28,300, and that of nylon-66 from 79,300 to 14,700. The LMS also decreased the polydispersity (M_w/M_n) of polyethylene and nylon-66. Furthermore, these reductions in elongation, tensile strength, and molecular weight were accompanied by morphological disintegration of the polyethylene and nylon-66 membranes. These results strongly suggest that the LMS with HBT can effectively degrade polyethylene and nylon-66.     

一株白腐菌产生的漆酶对RB亮蓝的脱色作用

W 1是一株能在液体条件下产漆酶的白腐菌 ,纯化的漆酶对RB亮蓝有很好的脱色作用 .漆酶的最适脱色温度为 4 5℃ ,最适脱色pH值为 6 .0 ,脱色pH范围在 4～ 7之间 .当溶液中漆酶活力为 2 .0× 10 3 U/L时 ,在最适脱色条件下、16h内 ,RB亮蓝 (30 0mg/L)的脱色率可以达到 90 % .经酶作用后 ,RB亮蓝在 4 30～ 70 0nm范围内的特征颜色吸收峰基本消失 .实验证明 ,在相同的条件下 ,漆酶粗酶对RB亮蓝有更好的脱色效果 .图 7表 1参 6     

真菌漆酶在树脂D380上的固定及固定化漆酶的性质

为寻求一种廉价高效的漆酶固定化方法,以树脂D380为载体、戊二醛为交联剂,结合吸附法和交联法固定真菌漆酶,并研究固定化漆酶的性质。最优固定化条件：1g载体在20mL0．7％的戊二醛溶液中交联2h后,加入2mL稀释酶液和5mLpH为4的醋酸一醋酸钠缓冲溶液,在25℃下吸附反应6h,最终获得的酶活回收率为65．94％。固定化漆酶的最适温度为20℃,最适pH为4,在4℃下保存14d仍保持约80％的酶活力。自由漆酶和固定化漆酶的Km值分别为1．207mmol／L和1．616mmol／L,说明固定后漆酶对底物的亲和力有所下降。     

Ganoderma sp. SYBC L48漆酶酶学性质及其对酸性红1的脱色性能

对灵芝菌Ganoderma sp. SYBC L48漆酶进行了纯化和酶学性质分析,并利用该漆酶对偶氮染料酸性红1进行脱色处理;考察了脱色体系中各因素对脱色效率的影响;采用小麦种子和水稻种子对酶处理后的染料进行了毒性测试。结果表明,以ABTS为底物时,该酶的最适pH为2.5,最适温度为60 ℃,在pH 5~9和20~60 ℃具有良好的稳定性,Co2+、Cr3+和Fe3+离子对酶活性有较强的抑制作用。在染料浓度100 mg·L-1,酶浓度0.5 U·mL-1,介体HOBT浓度0.25 mmol·L-1,pH为4,50 ℃的条件下反应30 min后,该漆酶对酸性红1的脱色率可达90.3%;1 mmol·L-1的Cr3+、Cu2+、Al3+和Ni2+存在下,漆酶仍能催化酸性红1脱色;脱色后染料的植物毒性下降。上述结果表明该漆酶在纺织废水处理中具有一定的应用前景。     

Isolation of a salt tolerant laccase secreting strain of Trichoderma sp. NFCCI-2745 and optimization of culture conditions and assessing its effectiveness in treating saline phenolic effluents

Most of the hazardous pollutants are phenolic in nature and persists in the environment. The ability of laccases to oxidize phenolic compounds and reduce molecular oxygen to water has led to intensive studies of these enzymes. Therefore the fungal strains with high laccase activity and substrate affinity that can tolerate harsh environmental conditions have a potential for biotechnological applications. Salt tolerant laccase secreting fungi can be utilized in treatment of saline and phenolic rich industrial effluents such as coir effluent and textile effluent that needed to be diluted several fold before microbial treatment. This is the first study describing the isolation and optimization of a salt tolerant strain of Trichoderma sp. potential for industrial applications. The fungus was identified based on morphological characteristics and was subsequently confirmed with molecular techniques and deposited at National Fungal Culture Collections of India （NFCCI） under the Accession No. Trichoderma viride NFCCI 2745. In contrast to other laccase secreting fungi, light conditions did not exert much influence on laccase production of this strain and salinity enhanced its laccase secretion. The fungus effectively removed the phenolic content of the textile effluent, coir-ret liquor and wood processing effluent within 96 hr of incubation. The tolerance of the fungus to high salinity and phenolic compounds makes this strain ideal for treating saline and phenolic rich industrial effluents.     

树脂D201上粗漆酶的固定化及对孔雀石绿的脱色

云芝粗漆酶以3种方法,即静电吸附法(D201-Lac-Ⅰ)、先吸附后交联法(D201-Lac-Ⅱ)、戊二醛处理树脂后吸附法(D201-Lac-Ⅲ)固定到大孔阴离子交换树脂D201上.与静电吸附法相比,D201-Lac-Ⅱ的漆酶固载量大幅提升至4.65倍,漆酶比活力却严重受损,只有前者的4.8%;D201-Lac-Ⅲ的漆酶固载量略有下降,为静电吸附法的0.51倍,漆酶比活力却显著提高至静电吸附法的2.99倍.利用电子透射电镜(TEM)可明显观察到D201-Lac-Ⅲ漆酶分子聚合体的阴影.用D201-Lac-Ⅲ对孔雀石绿进行了连续多批次脱色试验,在长达210 h的连续操作中,其脱色效率未观察到有下降趋势,一直稳定在40%～55%之间,D201-Lac-Ⅲ的酶活亦未观察到下降,同等条件下游离的漆酶活力已损失至20%以下,证明D201-Lac-Ⅲ具有显著提升的稳定性和优良的重复利用性.考虑到粗漆酶廉价易得,D201-Lac-Ⅲ在水处理应用中可能大有前景.     

漆酶/HOBT体系对苯胺蓝的脱色条件及机理研究

研究了Pleurotus sp.N3固态发酵所得漆酶对三芳基甲烷类染料苯胺蓝的脱色条件和机理.通过可见光光谱扫描和非变性凝胶电泳的分析发现漆酶能够对苯胺蓝进行脱色,介体可以显著增强脱色效果,提高脱色率.分别考察了介体、酶活和温度对苯胺蓝脱色的影响,结果表明,在酶活为200 U/L、1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBT)浓度为4mmol/L、温度为40℃的条件下,反应6h后苯胺蓝(24 mg/L)的脱色率达到90.42％.对脱色0、4h、11h和23 h的产物进行了超高效液相色谱-质谱(UPLC-MS)分析,推断出漆酶/HOBT体系对苯胺蓝的脱色过程中有显色基团碳氮双键(C=N)的断裂.     

镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)HJ01对中性艳蓝GL的脱色降解特性研究

利用镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)HJ01降解中性艳蓝GL,经扩增翻译延伸因子TEF1对HJ01菌株做了种的鉴定,并考察了温度、pH值对该菌株降解酶漆酶的活性,以及对中性艳蓝GL脱色率及COD去除率的影响.结果表明,该菌株属层出镰刀菌(Fusarmm proliferatum).HJ01菌株所产降解酶漆酶在pH为2.0～8.0内相对活性在12%～96%之间,在pH=4.0时,相对活性最大;在25～65 ℃内,随着温度的升高,漆酶相对活性增大;在65～85 ℃内,随着温度增大,漆酶相对活性降低.HJ01菌株在25℃、50 r·min-1条件下,于液体培养基中培养96h后加入到25mL含100mg·L-1中性艳蓝GL的溶液中,在35℃、50 r·min-1、pH=4.0条件下继续培养100h后,中性艳蓝GL的脱色率达100%,培养至120h后,COD去除率达87.8%.紫外光谱分析表明,中性艳蓝GL的发色基团蒽醌环被漆酶打破.