汾河流域景观破碎化时空演变特征

以1990年、2000年、2015年遥感影像解译数据为基础,利用Fragstats 4.2软件分别采取标准法和移动窗口法获取最佳分析尺度;在此基础上探索各景观指数空间分异特征,揭示流域景观破碎化时空演变过程;采用空间自回归模型分析景观破碎化的影响因子。结果表明：随着粒度和幅度的改变,部分景观指数呈现一定规律性,90 m栅格大小、900 m方形窗口尺寸为研究区最佳分析尺度;斑块密度、蔓延度、有效网格大小、香农多样性指数在三个时期均存在空间集聚效应,且空间集聚类型分布形态具有较强的相似性;1990-2015年汾河流域景观破碎化空间分布格局发生明显变化,破碎化集聚区域呈现碎斑化;坡度、高程、距建设用地距离是影响三个时期流域景观破碎化的主要影响因素。     

Landscape ecological assessment and eco-tourism development in the South Dongting Lake Wetland, China

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Study on the oasis corridor landcape in the arid regions based on RS and GIS methods—application of Jinta Oasis,China

The study on the oasis corridor landscape is a new hotspot in the ecological environment research in the arid regions.In oasis,main corridor landscape types include river,ditch ,shelterbelt and road.This paper introduces the basic ecological effects of the corridor landscape on the transporting mass and energy and obstructing desert landscape expansion and incursion.Using Geographic Information System(GIS),we have researched the corridor distribution and its spatial relationship with other landscape types in the Jinta Oasis.Based on the dynamically monitoring on the landscape pattern change of the Jinta Oasis during the latter 10 years by using Remote Sensing(RS) and GIS,the driving functions of the corridors on this change have been analyzed in detail.The analysis results showed that all kinds of corridors‘ characteristics can be quantified by the indexes such as length and width ,ratio of perimeter and area,density and non-heterogeneity.The total corridor length of Jinta Oasis is 1838.5km and its density is 2.1km/km^2.The corridor density of the irrigation land.forest and resident area is maximal,which shows that affection degree of the oasis corridors on them is the most.The improvment of the corridors quality is one of the important driving factors on the irrigation land and so on.The organic combination of the RS and GIS technologies and landscape research methods would be an effective means for the corridor landscape research on arid region oasis.     

浅谈生态环境保护工程——城市林业

进入二十一世纪 ,环境问题越来越受到人们的重视 ,人口密集、污染严重的城市环境更是人们关注的焦点。城市林业建设可以防止城市环境污染 ,改善城市环境。城市林业包括城市园林 ,它的范围要比园林建设广泛 ,它的理想状态应是一个有调控作用的生态系统 ,达到森林、城市、人类的和谐统一。因此 ,在城市建设中要重视城市林业 ,大力发展城市林业 ,使我们的工作和生活环境更加舒适     

Landscape eco-environmental research on littoral zone in China

Littoral zone is a special land/ landscape type. As an important kind of land resource in support, the use of littoral zone is vital to eastern coastal areas in China. And the research on littoral zone relates to the key theory of landscape ecology. Based on the theory of landscape ecology, the littoral zone was divided into four types: mud flat, sand beach, bench, and biological flat. The distribution of each type in China is pointed out. As a typical open system, littoral zone has six landscape ecological characteristics: (l) high sensitivity to disturbance; (2) distinct edge effect; (3) spatial aggregation of natural resources; (4) frequently spatial oscillation; (5) obviously spatial heterogeneity; and (6) noticeably spatial differentiation. Some proposals are also put forward on the land use and development of littoral zone for environmental protection and environmental mana qement.     

贵州喀斯特石漠化与生态环境治理

贵州的喀斯特石漠化治理不仅在贵州和中国的喀斯特区,乃至在世界喀斯特区都将具有重要的典型示范作用。根据1999年卫星遥感解译结果分析,全省中度以上石漠化面积13 187 km2占到7.49%,轻度以上石漠化面积35 920 km2,占到全省的20.39%,如再加上具有潜在石漠化的土地,面积可以达到45.20%。贵州对喀斯特石漠化生态环境进行了长期、持久的研究,为石漠化治理提供了坚实的理论基础和有力的技术支撑,形成了具有中国特色的成功治理模式:包括小流域综合治理模式,生态农业模式,退耕还林还草、林草结合的草、畜(禽)生产模式,草地畜牧业模式,坡耕地防治水土流失的坡改梯模式,环境移民与开发式扶贫模式,典型脆弱生态环境综合治理模式等。正由于石漠化治理取得显著的成绩,使治理区生态环境恶化趋势得到了根本的好转,表明喀斯特石漠化生态环境是可以治理改善的,消除贫困及走可持续发展之路是完全可以实现的。     

关于在生态省建设中尽快建立生态补偿机制的思考

目前,全国已有近半数的省份开展了生态省创建工作.实践证明,生态省建设是促进区域经济、社会、环境实现全面、协调、可持续发展的有效载体.生态补偿机制是生态环境保护与建设过程中的一种经济手段,通过建立生态补偿机制,不仅可以有效解决生态省建设过程中资金不足的问题,还可以起到重要的资源调控作用,从而推动生态省建设健康、快速发展.本文阐述建立生态补偿机制的重要意义、指导思想和基本原则,提出了建立生态补偿机制的措施与途径,并结合生态省建设工作实际,就如何强化生态补偿资金的监督与管理提出了建议.     

Towards sustainable production and use of charcoal in Kenya: exploring the potential in life cycle management approach

The study seeks to demonstrate the potential role that industrial ecology could play towards energy poverty reduction and environmental conservation in Kenya through sustainable charcoal production and consumption. This is achieved through an exploration of the application of the life cycle management (LCM) concept that identifies various opportunities for technological intervention for energy and environmental conservation and reduction of material and energy losses. It also identifies opportunities for income generation at various stages of the product’s life cycle; an aspect critical in poverty reduction in developing countries. The study finds that applying LCM in the charcoal trade in Kenya can deliver social, economic and environmental benefits to developing country communities and should, therefore, be promoted. However, appropriate legal, policy and institutional frameworks must exist in these countries for this to occur.     

景观空间结构分析在生态环境影响评价的应用——石门台自然保护区为例

以新建铁路穿越石门台自然保护区的工程为例,从景观生态学角度出发,采用景观空间结构分析方法,通过对环境中各斑块类型的优势度计算及对比,预测工程建设将对保护区生态环境影响的程度。     

A CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT OF CENTRAL AMERICAN VEGETATION AND ECOREGIONS

Acomprehensive,standardized,andthematicallyappropriatemapofCentralAmericanvegetationandlandcovertypeswasdevelopedbyclassifyingtheremotesensedimagery(AVHRR)1km²