施工现场固体废弃物产生量估算

以新建建筑产生的固体废弃物为研究对象，将改进的材料跟踪法、基于R语言的算法和数据挖掘技术相结合，合理规避了传统方法中数据提取粗糙与数据获取主观性强的问题.同时，通过现场调研获取全国不同区域新建居住建筑的基础数据，进行实证分析.结果表明，施工现场废弃混凝土、废弃钢筋、废弃砌块产生率的典型值分别为3.28%，2.88%，3.33%，代表区间分别为（0.6144%，5.9456%），（0.622%，5.138%），（0.6103%，6.02%）.与已有数据对比发现，我国新建建筑中固体废弃物产生率高于定额损耗率，固废管理水平存在区域性差异，呈"沿海高、内地低"的态势，且整体减量化水平亟待提高.     

基于自然语言处理和机器学习的疑似土壤污染企业识别

针对污染场地识别的精准性不高、科学性不足、全面性不够和数据共享难度大等问题,以南方某地级市为研究区,借助大数据平台,基于自然语言处理和机器学习,通过引入摘要中热词权重构建改进型朴素贝叶斯模型,并对兴趣点(POI)数据进行中类行业预测和污染企业识别。结果表明,与随机森林算法和XGBoost算法相比,朴素贝叶斯算法的性能最佳;企业名称+经营范围构建有语义词汇库后,朴素贝叶斯算法的准确率、召回率和综合评价指标(F₁)值得到大幅提升,分别提高了0.23、0.23和0.23;采用权重1.27和平滑参数α为1.10后,建立了改进型朴素贝叶斯模型,实现了行业类别预测,相应的准确率、召回率和F₁值分别为0.63、0.62和0.63;识别出研究区中26个疑似土壤污染行业有关1774家企业。改进型朴素贝叶斯模型能够有效地预测疑似土壤污染企业,具有较好的准确率与召回率,能够为场地污染识别与风险管控实践提供理论依据和设计参数。     

考虑提示学习的洪涝灾害应急决策自动问答模型研究

为提高洪涝灾害应急处置时效性和科学性,构建洪涝灾害应急决策自动问答系统模型,以提高应急指挥团队的决策效率,在分析洪涝灾害应急决策逻辑基础上,以摘要式问答为任务框架,收集整理包含洪涝灾害应急情景和应急决策的摘要式问答对数据集,建立可用于问答生成的GPT2预训练语言模型,并引入提示学习(Prompt-learning),通过自动创建连续型前缀提示(Prompt),优化少量连续参数,缓解问答对数据较少带来的过拟合风险,利用人工评估和自动评估2种方法验证模型的有效性。研究结果表明：通过GPT2与提示学习相结合建立的自动问答模型,可根据洪涝灾害情景生成语言质量良好及决策信息丰富的答案,有利于提高洪涝灾害应急处置中的科学决策能力。     

浅谈C语言字符串格式化

介绍了C语言格式式化输出类操作函数,对该类函数的实现方式和C语言可变参数的工作原理进行了较为详细的阐述,同时,构造了一个方便通用的格式化输出函数,为数据数据格式化操作提供了一条灵活便捷有效的处理途径.     

Sentiment analysis as a measure of conservation culture in scientific literature

Culturomics is emerging as an important field within science, as a way to measure attitudes and beliefs and their dynamics across time and space via quantitative analysis of digitized data from literature, news, film, social media, and more. Sentiment analysis is a culturomics tool that, within the last decade, has provided a means to quantify the polarity of attitudes expressed within various media. Conservation science is a crisis discipline; therefore, accurate and effective communication are paramount. We investigated how conservation scientists communicate their findings through scientific journal articles. We analyzed 15,001 abstracts from articles published from 1998 to 2017 in 6 conservation-focused journals selected based on indexing in scientific databases. Articles were categorized by year, focal taxa, and the conservation status of the focal species. We calculated mean sentiment score for each abstract (mean adjusted z score) based on 4 lexicons (Jockers-Rinker, National Research Council, Bing, and AFINN). We found a significant positive annual trend in the sentiment scores of articles. We also observed a significant trend toward increasing negativity along the spectrum of conservation status categories (i.e., from least concern to extinct). There were some clear differences in the sentiments with which research on different taxa was reported, however. For example, abstracts mentioning lobe finned fishes tended to have high sentiment scores, which could be related to the rediscovery of the coelacanth driving a positive narrative. Contrastingly, abstracts mentioning elasmobranchs had low scores, possibly reflecting the negative sentiment score associated with the word shark. Sentiment analysis has applications in science, especially as it pertains to conservation psychology, and we suggest a new science-based lexicon be developed specifically for the field of conservation.     

The change of European landscapes: human-nature relationships, public attitudes towards rewilding, and the implications for landscape management in Switzerland

The rewilding of landscapes is one of the most important and intensively discussed landscape changes occurring in Switzerland, as the need for agricultural and forest land is decreasing. To ensure that decisions concerning future landscape management will be supported by the public, it is crucial to take public opinion into account. Hence the present study aims to assess the public attitudes towards nature and "rewilding" processes. In order to analyze these attitudes, we sent a standardized questionnaire to 4000 randomly selected households throughout Switzerland. A cluster analysis led to a typology with four different types of human-nature relationship ("nature lovers", "nature sympathizers", "nature-connected users" and "nature controllers") that each characterize a particular attitude towards nature. These human-nature relationship types differ in their attitudes towards rewilding as well, allowing a rough classification of the sample into wilderness opponents (51.1%) and wilderness proponents (49.9%). However both groups agree with regard to their opinion concerning the rules and regulations that should apply in future wilderness areas. The parallels of the human-nature relationship typology of this survey with other typologies, and the implications for further research are discussed. We can conclude that, due to the differences concerning the attitudes towards wilderness between the human-nature relationship types, between the rural and urban dwellers, and between the language regions, a uniform strategy for the designation and management of wilderness areas in Switzerland is not possible. We recommend that, when managing landscape change, all stakeholders are included in a participatory process and we advise a thorough assessment of the attitudes of the involved persons towards nature and rewilding at the start of such processes. Such an assessment would facilitate the identification of well-defined target groups allowing specific interventions and management actions customized to the needs and characteristics of each of these groups. In addition we see the commonalities between wilderness opponents and wilderness proponents concerning the rules in wilderness areas as an ideal starting point for a successful participatory process.     

“人体语言”在体育课中的功能

本文以体育理论为基础,通过对“人体语言”的概念、特点及“人体语言”与内心情感之间的联系进行剖析,进而阐明“人体语言”在体育教学中的作用。帮助体育教师更深入的理解课堂教学中各种行为的内在含意。为体育教师更好的完成教学任务提供理论依据。     

A forest monkey’s alarm call series to predator models

Some non-human primates produce acoustically distinct alarm calls to different predators, such as eagles or leopards. Recipients respond to these calls as if they have seen the actual predator, which has led to the notion of functionally referential alarm calls. However, in a previous study with free-ranging putty-nosed monkeys (Cercopithecus nictitans martini), we demonstrated that callers produced two acoustically distinct alarm calls to eagle shrieks and leopard growls, but both alarm calls were given to both predators. We can think of two basic explanations for this surprising result, a methodological and theoretical one. Firstly, acoustic predator models may not always be suitable to test alarm call behaviour in primates, sometimes causing uncharacteristic behaviour. Secondly, referential alarm calling may not be a universal feature of primate alarm call systems. Considering the methodological and theoretical importance of these possibilities, we conducted a follow-up study using life-sized leopard, eagle, and human models on the same population and compared the resulting vocal responses to those given to acoustic predator models. We compared the alarm call series given to each of these predator model types and found a considerable degree of consistency suggesting that the mode of presentation did not affect anti-predator calling strategies. However, evidence for audience effects on calling behaviour was inconclusive. While it appears that predator class is reliably encoded by different call series types irrespective of the mode of presentation, observations of these same call series given in non-predatory contexts indicate that predator class is unlikely to be the relevant organising principle underlying the alarm-calling behaviour in this species. We conclude by offering an alternative, non-referential, account of the alarm-calling system exhibited by this species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

体态语言在图书馆读者服务工作中的应用

本文从体态语言对图书馆读者服务工作的影响层面切入,解读了什么是体态语言,并详细介绍了在读者服务工作中应如何运用体态语言和提高运用的途径     

试论教师体态语言对课堂教学效果的影响

文章在肯定教学中教师的有声语言作用的基础上,通过作者在教学过程中对体态语言运用的探索和体会,着重从情绪、着装、眼神和行为举止等方面,论述了教师体态语言对教学效果的影响。