水合氧化镧吸附除磷的试验研究

以开发新型高效除磷吸附剂材料为目的,以金属水合氧化物MeH(metal hydrate)为试验对象,对所选材料进行了吸附除磷性能评价.通过对多种水合金属氧化物吸附除磷性能的比较研究,发现水合氧化镧LaH(lan-thanum hydrate)具有优异的除磷吸附容量,其吸附容量大约为参照物粉末活性氧化铝的十几倍.该吸附剂的吸附容量随pH值变化显著,在pH=3附近达最大值;吸附等温线较符合Langmuir方程;进行了抗无机阴离子干扰能力测试,给出了干扰离子的影响顺序;该吸附剂对正磷酸根的去除性能优越,但对聚磷酸根的去除效果不理想.试验结果表明,水合氧化镧在平衡吸附容量、pH适应范围等方面与参照物活性氧化铝相比较,具有优异的性能.     

小麦根表铁氧化物及植物铁载体对植物吸收镉的影响

用营养液培养方法,模拟在不同铁浓度条件下,小麦根表铁氧化物及植物铁载体对植物吸收镉的影响。结果表明,随着溶液中加入的Fe(OH)₃量的增加,小麦的吸镉量也相应增加;但当Fe(OH)₃的加入量超过一定限度后继续增加时,小麦的吸镉量减少。此外,小麦的根分泌物特别是其中的植物铁载体对覆有Fe(OH)₃的根系吸收镉有一定的影响。缺铁预培养小麦的根系植物铁载体分泌率比加铁预培养的小麦高5倍左右,缺铁预培养的小麦植株吸镉量也高于加铁预培养的小麦植株     

ATR-FTIR and XPS study on the structure of complexes formed upon the adsorption of simple organic acids on aluminum hydroxide

Information on the binding of organic ligands to metal （hydr）oxide surfaces is useful for understanding the adsorption behaviour of natural organic matter on metal （hydr）oxide. In this study, benzoate and salicylate were employed as the model organic ligands and aluminum hydroxide as the metal hydroxide. The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared （ATR-FTIR） spectra revealed that the ligands benzoate and salicylate do coordinate directly with the surface of hydrous aluminum hydroxide, thereby forming innersphere surface complexes. It is concluded that when the initial pH is acidic or neutral, monodentate and bridging complexes are to be formed between benzoate and aluminum hydroxide while bridging complexes predominate when the initial pH is alkalic. Monodentate and bridging complexes can be formed at pH 5 while precipitate and bridging complexes are formed at pH 7 when salicylate anions are adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. The X-ray photoelectron （XP） spectra demonstrated the variation of C 1 s binding energy in the salicyate and phenolic groups before and after adsorption. It implied that the benzoate ligands are adsorbed through the complexation between carboxylate moieties and the aluminum hydroxide surface, while both carboxylate group and phenolic group are involved in the complexation reaction when salicylate is adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide. The information offered by the XPS confirmed the findings obtained with ATR-FTIR.     

Highly efficient and selective removal of low-concentration antibiotics from aqueous solution by regenerable Mg(OH)2

The prevalent presence of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in aquatic environments has attracted considerable attention because of their harmful effects on humans and the ecological environment. Magnesium hydroxide nanocrystals were found to act as a simple and effective adsorbent to remove low-concentration ciprofloxacin (CIP) in aqueous solution. The as-prepared Mg(OH)₂ nanocrystals exhibited excellent CIP adsorption performance and high selectivity toward CIP molecules compared with other antibiotics or aromatics, e.g., norfloxacin (NOR) and eosin B (EB). The adsorbent showed pH-dependent adsorption, indicating that the adsorption process is probably dominated by an electrostatic interaction mechanism. In addition, structural analysis of the adsorbent indicated that coordination and hydrogen bonding between CIP and Mg(OH)₂ nanocrystal might also be involved in the adsorption process. Moreover, the adsorbent could be easily recovered by pyrolysis and hydration without significant reduction of adsorption capacity. The superior adsorption behavior of Mg(OH)₂ nanocrystal indicates that it may serve as a potential adsorbent material candidate for the selective removal of CIP from aquatic environments.     

载镧生物炭的优化制备及其对水体中砷的吸附

以玉米秸秆为原材料优化制备用于吸附水体中五价砷的载镧生物炭(La-biochar),对其表面进行了系统表征,同时考察了环境条件对载镧生物炭吸附性能的影响.结果表明:相比负载前生物炭,负载后生物炭表面更粗糙,比表面积增大4.6倍,同时表面成功负载有大量镧元素.以获取对五价砷的最大吸附能力为目的,通过响应面模型获得La-biochar的优化制备条件为:物料比w(La)/w(秸秆)=9.47%,停留时间=20min,热解温度=300oC.中性和酸性环境条件有利于La-biochar对砷酸根的吸附,而碱性条件则有不利影响;较高浓度的CO32-显著降低其对砷酸根吸附,而同样浓度的Cl-和F-不会造成明显影响.     

镧(Ⅲ)离子诱导的菲律宾蛤仔金属硫蛋白性质研究

稀土离子能否诱导海洋生物的金属硫蛋白(MT)合成,将影响到MT对海水重金属的指示作用.以菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)为试验动物,采用含镧(Ⅲ)离子(La3+)的人工海水对其进行暴露培养,测定蛤仔鳃部和内脏中MT含量.结果表明,La3+暴露能够增加蛤仔体内MT含量,其中,10～1×100μg·L-1的La3+对鳃部诱导作用较大;10～1×10000μg·L-1的La3+对内脏MT均有较好诱导;同时,过柱层析洗脱液的光谱扫描及十二烷基的硫酸盐钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(SDS-PAGE)分析表明,La3+诱导的蛤仔内脏中的MT在258nm处有特征吸收峰,主要以二聚体和三聚体的形式存在,分子量为13.1kD和18.3kD.     

镧对铅胁迫下小麦幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

在铅胁迫的条件下 ,研究了镧对小麦幼苗生长期地上部分及根系超氧化物岐化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)的活性、脂质过氧化产物丙二醛 (MDA)的含量以及对植物生长的影响 .实验在严格控制的人工气候室进行 1 2d .Pb(NO) 3 处理量为 0 ,5 0 ,1 0 0mg·l- 1.在第二天至实验结束的研究结果表明 ,加La组与对照组比较有明显差异 ,根系的SOD和CAT各增加 0 4 5— 1 6 5倍和 32 2— 77 77% ,MDA减少 1 1 0 5—2 7 4 9% .当有铅胁迫时 ,在 0— 5d内 ,与对照组比较 ,镧使小麦幼苗的地上部分及根系的SOD和CAT有少量的但有统计学意义的增加 (p <0 0 5 ) ,MDA含量则减少 .表明La(NO3 ) 3 使抗氧化酶提高 ,增加了小麦抗铅胁迫的能力 ,但是只是在胁迫初期和胁迫不很严重的条件下 ,才具有这一作用 .     

采用石灰-铁盐混凝沉淀法去除废水中的As(Ⅲ)

基于Fe（Ⅲ）与砷有较好的亲和性,采用石灰-铁盐混凝沉淀法去除废中的As（Ⅲ）,考察了溶液pH、搅拌时问、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）加入量等对As（Ⅲ）去除率的影响。实验结果表明：Fe（Ⅲ）可有效去除As（Ⅲ）,去除率可达98％以上;As（Ⅲ）去除率受Fe3＋加入量和溶液pH等因素的影响,偏碱性环境和一定范围内增加Fe“的加入量可有效提高As（Ⅲ）的去除率;延长搅拌时问和加入PAM对As（Ⅲ）的去除率几乎无影响。Fe3＋与As（Ⅲ）生成FeAsO3沉淀或FeAsO3与Fe（OH）。的复合体,Fe（OH）3对As（Ⅲ）的吸附可能是石灰-铁盐除As（Ⅲ）的主要作用机理。     

纳米氢氧化镁对不同类型土壤镉形态的影响

采用28 d室内连续培养实验,以纳米氢氧化镁和普通氢氧化镁(100、 200和300 mg·kg^-1)为镉污染土壤钝化剂,研究了纳米氢氧化镁和普通氢氧化镁对不同类型镉污染土壤(1、 5、 10和15 mg·kg^-1)中镉形态的影响.结果表明,在中性土壤上, 1、 5、 10和15 mg·kg^-1镉处理中土壤交换态Cd(EX-Cd)形态分布比例FDC为66.7%～81.8%,为土壤镉主要形态.土壤镉含量大小顺序为EX-Cd>碳酸盐结合态Cd(CAB-Cd)>残渣态Cd(RES-Cd)>铁锰氧化态Cd(FeMn-Cd)>有机结合态Cd(OM-Cd).培养第14d时,土壤EX-Cd FDC达到最低值.培养0～28 d期间,在1、 5、 10和15 mg·kg^-1镉处理下,纳米氢氧化镁和普通氢氧化镁处理的土壤EX-Cd FDC较对照(CK)分别降低了11.4%～67.7%、 7.8%～37.2%、 7.7%～36.4%、 5.0%～28.8%(纳米氢氧化镁)和0.5%～49.5%、 ...     

Characterization and physicochemical aspects of novel cellulose-based layered double hydroxide nanocomposite for removal of antimony and fluoride from aqueous solution

A series of novel adsorbents composed of cellulose (CL) with Ca/Al layered double hydroxide (CC_xA; where x represent the Ca/Al molar ratio) were prepared for the adsorption of antimony (Sb(V)) and fluoride (F^?) ions from aqueous solutions. The CC_xA was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), elemental analysis (CHNS/O), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA), zeta potential, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis. The effects of varying parameters such as dose, pH, contact time, temperature and initial concentration on the adsorption process were investigated. According to the obtained results, the adsorption processes were described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Langmuir adsorption isotherm model provided the best fit for the experimental data and was used to describe isotherm constants. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 77.2 and 63.1 mg/g for Sb(V) and F^?, respectively by CC₃A (experimental conditions: pH 5.5, time 60 min, dose 15 mg/10 mL, temperature 298 K). The CC₃A nanocomposite was able to reduce the Sb(V) and F^? ions concentration in synthetic solution to lower than 6 μg/L and 1.5 mg/L, respectively, which are maximum contaminant levels of these elements in drinking water according to WHO guidelines.