主成分分析法优化治理黑臭水体的碳素纤维铺设密度

在治理黑臭水体的碳素纤维铺设密度优化研究中,借助统计学软件(SIMCA-P),以4个指标(COD、TP、NH3-N、TN)作为分析变量,探讨了单指标优化法与主成分分析法分析样本数据的差别。结果表明:单指标优化法可以确定4个指标各自的最优铺设密度,而主成分分析法能综合4个指标的信息进行分析,并优选出碳素纤维的最优铺设密度为40 cm2/L,为碳素纤维的综合运用提供参考依据。     

高压静电分选Ag与PET的实验研究

为了提高高压静电分选Ag与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate,简称PET)的效率,寻求可产生较佳分选效率的电压、转速、极间距和电晕线角度。采用自制的线辊式静电分选机,通过单因素实验和部分因子实验,研究了不同条件下Ag与PET的分选效率。结果表明:将Ag与PET从二者混合物中有效分选出来的电压为25~30k V、转速为60~75 r/min、极间距为60~70 mm、电晕极角度为50~60°;当电压为30 k V、转速为75 r/min、电晕极距离为70 mm和电晕极角度为60°时,Ag的分选效率达到了最大值为99.60%,PET的分选效率也达到了最大值为99.98%,为线辊式静电分选机结构设计与参数优化提供了参考。     

矿区河流底质锌解吸规律的研究

通过不同转速搅拌污染底质与蒸馏水的混合液,以摹拟河流不同流速状态,分析不同转速与底质锌溶出量的关系,分析不同静置时间对悬液中锌浓度的影响,以揭示底质中锌的解吸与水质中锌沉降的规律。研究结果表明,搅拌运动加速了底质中锌的解吸,不同转速显著地影响底质锌溶出量,转速越高,锌溶出量越多。但当水样放置一段时间后,水中锌量不断减少,但放置时间从30分钟至60分钟水中锌量没有显著的区别,120分钟和240分钟之间也没有显著差异。30分钟后,水质中的锌量不断缓慢地衰减。当水样放置30分钟后,各转速间锌量没有显著的差异性。     

Effect of different cultivation measures on forage oat hay yield in the eastern mountain dryland of Qinghai Province北大核心CSCD

This study was designed to explore the cultivation measures for the high yield of forage oats (Avena sativa L.) in the eastern mountain dryland of Qinghai Province of China. Taking 'Jiayan No.2' oat as the research material, the effects of different sowing dates, row spacing, sowing amount, and fertilizing amount on hay yield were studied by orthogonal experiment design with four factors and three levels. Sowing date, row spacing, sowing amount, and fertilizer amount all affected the hay yield of forage oats. Among them, the sowing date had the greatest influence, reaching an extremely significant level in the 3-year experiment and 3-year average (P < 0.01), followed by fertilizing amount and row spacing (P < 0.05). The effects of sowing amount on oat hay yield were relatively small (P > 0.05). Principal component analysis showed that the sowing date contributed the most to oat hay yield, followed by sowing amount, fertilizing amount, and row spacing. According to the comprehensive score and ranking of each principal component, we found that the early sowing treatment combination was superior to the late sowing treatment combination, and the optimal treatment combination was treatment 3, with a comprehensive score of 2.533. Treatment 3 (early sowing, 20 cm row spacing, sowing amount 240 kg/hm2, and fertilizing amount of 150 kg/hm2 N2O and 300 kg/hm2 P2O5) and treatment 1 (early sowing, 10 cm row spacing, 120 kg/hm2 sowing amount, and fertilizing amount of 37.5 kg/hm2 N2O and 75 kg/hm2 P2O5) always ranked first and second, the average yield of hay in 3 years was 7 942.21 kg/hm2 and 7 321.61 kg/hm2, respectively, and there was no significant difference in hay yield after multiple tests. When forage oats were planted in the eastern mountain dryland of Qinghai Province, the optimal planting conditions were early sowing in good time (mid and early April), row spacing of 20 cm, sowing amount of 240 kg/hm2, and fertilization amount of 150 kg/hm2 N2O and 300 kg/hm2 P2O5 © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

植被过滤带模式对内蒙农牧交错区截流减沙的影响及优选

为了提高农牧业交错带禾本植被过滤带截流减沙效果,在内蒙古中部巨宝庄试验基地设置过滤带茎间距(0.9cm、1.2cm、1.7cm)和宽度(3m、6m、9m)2个因素,包括空白对照共10个处理.研究了植被过滤带茎间距和宽度对截流减沙的响应,并运用熵权TOPSIS模型评价了不同植被过滤带模式的综合效益,筛选该地区禾本植被过滤带适宜茎间距和宽度.结果显示,在相同植被过滤带茎间距条件下,增加过滤带宽度显著降低径流与泥沙出流量,过滤带宽度为9m与6m处理比3m处理在过滤带末端平均泥沙含量分别减少了80.97%和60.66%,平均径流量分别降低了62.14%、33.59%,并分别推迟水沙出流时间7min和2min.在相同过滤带宽度下,减少植被茎间距有效提高截流减沙效果,其中过滤带茎间距为0.9cm处理比1.2cm与1.7cm处理在过滤带末端平均泥沙含量分别减少了35.4%和48.28%;平均径流量分别降低了16.5%和18.26%.茎间距与宽度对径流、泥沙拦截量影响极显著,过滤带宽度对径流影响更大,且两者交互作用对泥沙拦截量影响极显著.通过熵权TOPSIS评价得出过滤带宽度为9m,茎间距为0.9cm的禾本植被过滤带模式综合评分最高,经济与截流减沙综合效益最优,研究结果对当地植被过滤带建设有重要指导意义.