双硫腙－醋酸丁酯萃取石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中痕量铜、铅和镉

用双硫腙－醋酸丁酯萃取石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中痕量Ｃｕ、Ｐｈ、Ｃｄ．试验选定了最佳测定条件．结果表明，在弱碱性介质（ｐＨ８－１０）中，能同时定量萃取Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ．方法的相对标准偏差＜３％，加标回收率９２％－１０２％，检出限（μｇ／Ｌ）分别为Ｃｕ０．０６，Ｐｂ０．１４，Ｃｄ０．００２．本法操作简便、快速，已应用于海水中Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ的分析，取得了令人满意的结果．     

Study on the response of wheat to lead, cadmium and zinc

Ｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｏｆｗｈｅａｔｔｏｌｅａｄ，ｃａｄｍｉｕｍａｎｄｚｉｎｃＭｅｎｇＬｉｎｇ，ＴａｎＤｅｙｏｎｇ，ＷａｎｇＨｕａｎｘｉａｏ，ＤｕａｎＣｈａｎｇｑｕｎ，ＤｕａｎＰｅｉｓｈａｎｇ，ＧａｏＳｈａｎｇｙｉＤｅｐａｒ...     

两类典型重金属土壤污染研究

对贵州水城矿务局周围煤矸石污染土壤和Pb、Zn冶炼场污染土壤的重金属污染状况进行了研究和评估。研究结果表明：煤矸石风化形成的土壤有一定的重金属污染，污染程度取决于煤矸石的组成。Pb、Zn土法冶炼造成土地严重污染，在污染土壤中种植的农作物中重金属含量严重超标。重金属在土豆不同部位富集程度各不相同，而且Pb-Cd、PbZn、Zn-Cd在植物体内具有较高的正相性。     

不同重金属在烤烟中的累积分配特征研究

研究了重金属Hg、As、Pb在烤烟中的累积分布。结果表明：烤烟对Hg、As、Pb的耐受力较强；Hg抑制K326根系的生长，Pb、As对K326的生长有一定的促进作用。随着重金属浓度的增加，各部位重金属含量和烟株累积总量多呈增加趋势。在不同的处理下，3种重金属的含量在根系中最高；在相同的处理下，重金属在烟叶各部位的含量按大小顺序均为下部叶〉中部叶〉上部叶。随着处理浓度的增加，分配在根系中的重金属元素的比例不断增加，而在叶片中的分配比例不断降低；按重金属元素在叶片中的分配比例排序为Hg〉As〉Pb。     

Determination of haloacetic acids in hospital effuent after chlorination by ion chromatography

The ion chromatography combined solid phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the analysis of low concentration haloacetic acids (HAAs), a class of disinfection by-products formed from chlorination of hospital wastewater. The monitored HAAs included monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. The method employed a sodium hydroxide eluent at a flow rate of 0.8 mlmin, electrolytically generated gradients, and suppressed conductivity detection. To analyze the HAAs in real hospital wastewater samples, C18 pretreatment cartridge was utilized to reduce samples' turbidity. Preconcentration with SPE and matrix elimination with treatment cartridges were investigated and found to be able to obtain acceptable detection limits. Linearity, repeatability and detection limits of the above method were evaluated. The detection limits of monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid were 2.61 μgL and 1.30 μgL, respectively, and the other three acids are ranging from 0.48 to 0.82 μgL under 25-fold preconcentration. When the above optimization procedure was applied to three hospital wastewater samples with different treatment processes in Tianjin, it was found that the dichloroacetic acid was the major compound, and the growth ratios of the HAAs after disinfection by sodium hypochlorite were 91.28%, 63.61% and 79.50%, respectively.     

大学生健康与头发中铅含量的关系

通过实验、调查、查资料的方式，对“大学生发铅与人体健康”这一课题展开讨论。用实验法、问卷调查和社会调查、查资料3种方式进行研究，分析了铅对人体健康的影响及大学生健康与头发中铅含量的关系，提出开发应用天然产物预防铅中毒。结果均与现代医学理论相一致。在教学中开展此项研究，对于复合型人才的培养具有积极的作用。     

Determination of Cadmium and Lead in Different Cigarette Brands in Jordan

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations in different cigarette brands sold and/or produced in Jordan were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). Average levels of Cd and Pb in different cigarette brands in Jordan were 2.64 and 2.67 g g^{– 1} (DW), respectively. The results obtained in this study estimate the average quantity of Cd inhaled from smoking one packet of 20 cigarettes to be in the range of 3.65–7.30 g. Results suggest that the quantity of Pb inhaled of smoking one packet of 20 cigarettes, is estimated to be 0.74–2.22 g. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in cigarettes were significantly different between cigarette brands tested. Our results were compared with other worldwide studies.     

Lead Content of Petrol and Diesel and its Assessment in an Urban Environment

Pakistan is one of the few countries in Asia thatcontinues to use only leaded-petrol as vehicular fuel. Theconcentration of Pb in its petrol reported in 1991 was thehighest (1.5 – 2.0 g Pb L^-1) of all produced by the various Asiancountries and far exceeded the WHOs guideline of 0.15 g Pb L^-1. We have undertaken a study to trace and quantify this toxicelement in the environs of Karachi, Pakistans major metropolis,having more than 30% of the nations total number of vehicles.In this article we report the Pb contents of petrol and dieselcurrently manufactured and marketed in the city. Samples of`Regular petrol collected in 1999 was found to contain 0.363 gPb L^-1 (range: 0.335 – 0.390 g Pb L^-1), a factor of 5 lower than thatmarketed prior to 1991. Its concentration in diesel fuel was muchlower (0.017 g Pb L^-1). Based on the available statistical data onthe type and volume of vehicular traffic, we assessed that thecurrent lead emission from vehicular traffic into the atmosphereis 391 metric tons a year, which is a factor of 2.7 lower thanthat estimated for 1989.     

Metal Levels in Raccoon Tissues: Differences On and Off the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina

Levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, selenium, and strontium⁸⁸ were examined in heart, kidney, muscle, spleen and liver of raccoons (Procyon lotor) from four areas on the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS), including near a former reactor cooling reservoir and a coal ash basin, and from public hunting areas within 15 km of the site. Mercury is mentioned briefly because it is discussed more fully in another paper. We test the hypotheses that there are no differences in metal levels between raccoons on SRS and off the SRS (off-site), and among different locations on the SRS. Although raccoons collected off-site had significantly lower levels of mercury and selenium in both the liver and kidney, there were few consistencies otherwise. There were significantly higher levels of cadmium in liver of on-site compared to off-site raccoons, and significantly higher levels of chromium and strontium⁸⁸ in kidney of on-site compared to off-site raccoons. Copper and manganese were highest in the liver; cadmium, lead, mercury and selenium were highest in the liver and kidney; chromium was highest in the spleen and muscle; arsenic was highest in the heart, and strontium⁸⁸ was slightly higher in the kidney than other organs. Where there were significant differences on site, chromium, manganese were highest in raccoon tissues from Steel Creek; arsenic, lead and selenium were highest in the Ash Basin; cadmium was highest at Upper Three Runs; and strontium⁸⁸ was highest at Upper Three Runs and Steel Creek. The patterns were far from consistent.     

Distribution of heavy metals in sediment and water of river Gomti

Gomti river receives industrial as well as domestic wastes from various drains of Lucknow city. In the process the water and sediment of the river Gomti get contaminated with heavy metals and other pollutants. In the present study, impacts of domestic/industrial wastes on the water and sediment chemistry of river Gomti with special reference to heavy metals have been investigated in different seasons (summer, winter and rainy). For this, seven sampling sites: Gaughat, Mohan Meakin, Martyrs Memorial, Hanuman Setu, Nishatganj bridge, Pipraghat and Malhaur, in the river Gomti in Lucknow region were identified and samples of water and sediments were collected in all the three seasons. In the collected water and sediment samples, six metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were analyzed on ICP-AES (Inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy) Labtam Plasmalab 8440. High concentrations of all the metals were noticed in water and sediment in rainy season compared to summer and winter. Because in rainy season runoff from open contaminated sites, agricultural field and industries, directly comes into the river without any treatment. In both the cases, the concentration of zinc was maximum (0.091 g/ml in water and 182.13 g/g in sediment) and the concentration of cadmium (0.001 g/ml in water and 17.26 g/g in sediment) was minimum. Higher concentration of metal in water and sediment during rainy season could be due to the industrial/agricultural/domestic runoff coming into the river.