Can we remove iodine-131 from tap water in Japan by boiling? - Experimental testing in response to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

Iodine-131 concentrations in tap water higher than 100 Bq L⁻¹ were reported by several local governments in Japan following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Some individuals in the emergency-response community recommended the boiling of tap water to remove iodine-131. However, the tap water boiling tests in this study showed no iodine-131 loss from the tap water with either short-term boiling (1-10 min) or prolonged boiling (up to 30 min) resulting in up to 3-fold volume reductions. In this situation, boiling was shown to be not effective in removing iodine-131 from tap water; indeed even higher concentrations may result from the liquid-volume reduction accompanying this process.     

水域泄漏油品回收处理技术

提出了水域泄漏油品回收技术的装备需求,介绍了水域泄漏油品问收处理措施.采用拦油栅来控制漂浮在水上的油品,将泄漏油品集中在相对较小的区域内,并使水面的浮油层加厚,然后使用人工或机械对泄漏油品进行回收.对于水域中的少量泄漏油品,采用吸油材料来进行吸附.在油膜较薄,难以用机械方法回收的情况下,使用消油剂或固化剂进行处理.水域...     

火电厂液氨贮存风险评价中典型事故影响范围计算

对火电厂液氨贮存风险评价中的三类典型事故（化学爆炸、管道泄漏和贮罐整体破裂）影响范围的计算方法进行了探讨。以某火电厂2×1000MW机组为例,当发生化学爆炸事故时,爆炸冲击波损害等级1、2、3、4的影响区域半径分别为78.3、156.6、391.5和1044m;管道泄漏和贮罐整体破裂所引发的中毒事故中,后者对环境的影响较大。若事故发生后10min内得到有效控制,则在F大气稳定度、1.5m/s风速条件下,贮罐整体破裂半致死浓度的影响区域半径（r值）为344.6m,大于管道泄漏r值（205.8m）;若事故发生后不考虑控制措施,则在F大气稳定度、1.5 m/s风速条件下,贮罐整体破裂半致死浓度的影响区域半径r值为561 m。     

Emission and burnt smell characteristics from combustion experiments with defined materials

Typical burnt smell often results from fire accidents or in general from incomplete combustion. Recently, eleven compounds were identified, which are basically responsible for this odour. When analyzing residual materials from different fire accidents, the pattern that means the relative ratios of these compounds among each other varies strongly, although always causing a burnt smelling. Consequently, lab-scale combustion experiments were performed in order to investigate the influence of defined materials from domestic environment on the burnt-smell fingerprints. Furthermore, the occurrence of other polar and higher molecular combustion products was studied. It was found that under good combustion conditions, the burnt smell patterns resulting from the single materials were astonishingly consistent, mostly dominated by methylphenols or naphthalene. No correlation could be found between these ‘fingerprints’ and combustion product groups identified by GC/MS-screenings. LC/MS/MS-measurements especially pointed at the existence of higher molecular weight phenolic and acidic functionalized compounds in the combustion residues.     

加强农药的环境管理刻不容缓

介绍和分析了农药对我国生态环境污染与危害的现状。指出造成我国农药环境污染严重的重要原因是缺乏必要的环境监督管理 ,研究制定出符合我国国情的农药污染控制政策与措施已经刻不容缓     

浅谈企业突发环境事件应急预案编制管理工作——以苏州市为例

通过对苏州市近几年开展的突发环境事件应急预案编制工作的分析,总结了企业突发环境事件应急预案编制中存在的问题,探索了"十二五"期间突发环境事件应急预案规范化管理中面临的挑战,并结合实际提出了针对企业突发环境事件应急预案编制管理工作的一些建议。     

对建立地级市突发性环境污染事故联动应急监测机制的思考

通过对地级市环境应急统一协调指挥组织机构和数据信息共享平台的建立,现场快速监测实施以及应急监测报告的发送等方面的探讨,提出地级市突发性环境污染事故联动应急监测机制。     

CO2 Capture and Storage with Leakage in an Energy-Climate Model

Geological CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) is among the main near-term contenders for addressing the problem of global climate change. Even in a baseline scenario, with no comprehensive international climate policy, a moderate level of CCS technology is expected to be deployed, given the economic benefits associated with enhanced oil and gas recovery. With stringent climate change control, CCS technologies will probably be installed on an industrial scale. Geologically stored CO₂, however, may leak back to the atmosphere, which could render CCS ineffective as climate change reduction option. This article presents a long-term energy scenario study for Europe, in which we assess the significance for climate policy making of leakage of CO₂ artificially stored in underground geological formations. A detailed sensitivity analysis is performed for the CO₂ leakage rate with the bottom-up energy systems model MARKAL, enriched for this purpose with a large set of CO₂ capture technologies (in the power sector, industry, and for the production of hydrogen) and storage options (among which enhanced oil and gas recovery, enhanced coal bed methane recovery, depleted fossil fuel fields, and aquifers). Through a series of model runs, we confirm that a leakage rate of 0.1%/year seems acceptable for CCS to constitute a meaningful climate change mitigation option, whereas one of 1%/year is not. CCS is essentially no option to achieve CO₂ emission reductions when the leakage rate is as high as 1%/year, so more reductions need to be achieved through the use of renewables or nuclear power, or in sectors like industry and transport. We calculate that under strict climate control policy, the cumulative captured and geologically stored CO₂ by 2100 in the electricity sector, when the leakage rate is 0.1%/year, amounts to about 45,000 MtCO₂. Only a little over 10,000 MtCO₂ cumulative power-generation-related emissions are captured and stored underground by the end of the century when the leakage rate is 1%/year. Overall marginal CO₂ abatement costs increase from a few €/tCO₂ today to well over 150 €/tCO₂ in 2100, under an atmospheric CO₂ concentration constraint of 550 ppmv. Carbon costs in 2100 turn out to be about 40 €/tCO₂ higher when the annual leakage rate is 1%/year in comparison to when there is no CO₂ leakage. Irrespective of whether CCS deployment is affected by gradual CO₂ seepage, the annual welfare loss in Europe induced by the implementation of policies preventing “dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system” (under our assumption, implying a climate stabilisation target of 550 ppmv CO₂ concentration) remains below 0.5% of GDP during the entire century.

危化品泄漏事件中应急监测的安全防护距离计算与监测布点方案

通过建立大气湍流扩散模型,结合大气、地形条件等环境基本资料和危化品的性质,计算出危化品泄漏突发事件的应急防护范围,为人群撤离和监测布点监控,提供安全保障。     

太原煤化工区有毒气体泄漏环境风险分析

针对太原煤化工区氯气、氨气和光气这3种泄漏风险最高的有毒气体的事故条件,采用非定常的CALPUFF大气扩散模式进行了一整年的事故扩散模拟.获得逐时次事故扩散浓度场并分析3种污染物泄漏的全年平均风险及各季变化.结果定量描述了氯气、氨气和光气的致死浓度、中毒浓度和刺激浓度的全年及各季平均风险范围,并分析了不同有毒气体风险范围的差异及四季变化的原因.