主要发达国家职业安全培训与社会保障体系的构成对构建我国职业安全培训体系的启迪

美、日及西欧一些发达国家 ,把安全培训教育提到了十分重要的地位。经过半个世纪不断完善 ,先后都建立了一整套具有各自特点的安全培训体系。对构建我国职业安全培训体系会有很多借鉴和启示。     

Municipal solid waste management and short-term projection of the waste discard levels in Taiwan

Industrialization and urbanization result in significant changes in lifestyle. These lifestyle changes seem to lead to unsustainable consumption patterns and increase the generation of various kinds of environmental loads, especially the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW). Taiwan is a small island with scarce natural resources. The economic development in Taiwan has resulted in the generation of large amounts of MSW. As a result, the Taiwan Environmental Pollution Administration (TEPA) has produced regulations for waste minimization and has imposed several important policy measures that have successfully reduced the MSW discard rate in recent years and have established a public recycling network as a part of the MSW collection. Nowadays, the objective of the MSW policies in Taiwan is to develop a “zero-waste society.” This article aims to review the MSW management progress in Taiwan and to project future MSW discards up to 2011 based on the national plan and assumed scenarios for socioeconomic variables. According to the analysis results, a more sustainable consumption pattern can be proposed and the corresponding MSW management system can be planned so as to develop a low-waste-discard society.     

对秦皇岛生态环境保护与旅游开发的调查与思考

良好的生态环境是人类生存和发展的基础,是经济社会发展的物质条件。保护和管理好自然生态环境,是实施可持续发展的关键,也是实现跨世纪绿色工程的重要战略。本文通过对秦皇岛生态环境保护与旅游开发的调查与思考得出结论：将秦皇岛建设成以旅游为龙头的生态城市是秦皇岛市建设和发展的方向。     

Constructions of Climate Change on the Radio and in Nepalese Lay Focus Groups

To date analyses of media climate change constructions have mostly focused on coverage in western newspapers. Consideration of coverage in developing countries, and analyses of media constructions alongside local understandings of climate change are comparatively rare. This article provides an analysis of the construction of climate change on Nepalese radio and lay constructions of environment and climate change within the country. Data from a radio program and six focus groups are analyzed. Analysis of the radio program indicated that climate change was portrayed as a certain reality with national impacts caused by the actions of the West. While climate change dominated the radio headlines, in focus groups local environmental problems received far more attention. The paper aims to both inform directions for future climate change communication in Nepal and the wider research agenda.     

On The Research of Foreign and Domestic Human Capital Theory

1INTRODUCTION Human Capital Theory(HCT)'s idea origin recalls westernclassical political economics in the eighteen century.HCTcame into being in the middle and later periods of the20century,sprang up in the1960s and1970s,was introducedinto China in the1980s and is still one of the hotspotsin economic research.Foreign and domestic scholars havemade a lot of deep researches and important achievements.2FOREIGN RESEARCHIn the1950s,facing many"economic enigma"such as"Solow residual"an…     

以Mn(Ⅲ)/Mn(Ⅱ)为电解媒质间接电合成苯乙醛的减废工艺

对间接电合成苯乙醛的减废工艺进行了研究。结果表明,当H2SO4介质浓度为60％,系统温度为60℃,Mn(Ⅲ）与乙苯的摩尔比为1：3时,可以减少合成苯乙醛时污染物的产生量,产率为57．8％。通过对媒质循环使用的研究获得了间接电合成苯乙醛的减废工艺流程。     

黄河三角洲二元结构与多元可持续发展初探

黄河三角洲由石油资源的开发而兴起,其区位条件和油气资源条件都十分优越,但目前仍处于经济发达地区的低谷区。通过对二元结构系数的定量分析,发现该地区具有明显的复合二元结构特征,即“油地+城乡”,二元结构是制约三角洲持续发展的一个重要限制性因素。目前,石油产业的全面改组改制、优越的外部环境和自身基础条件、东营港扩建及其附属加工制造业基地的立项、综合性交通运输网络体系的形成等都是三角洲全面发展的难得机遇。要实现多元可持续发展的目标,必须转变观念,由“以油建城”到“以港兴城”、大力发展资源深加工工业和具有竞争优势的制造业;构建高效生态农业经济体系;推进城市的“内聚式”发展。     

Modeling Opportunity Costs of Conservation in Transitional Landscapes

Abstract:  Conservation scientists recognize the urgency of incorporating opportunity costs into conservation planning. Despite this, applications to date have been limited, perhaps partly because of the difficulty in determining costs in regions with limited data on land prices and ownership. We present methods for estimating opportunity costs of land preservation in landscapes or ecoregions that are a changing mix of agriculture and natural habitat. Our approach derives from the literature on estimating land values as opportunity costs of alternate land uses and takes advantage of general availability of necessary data, even in relatively data-poor regions. The methods integrate probabilities of habitat conversion with region-wide estimates of economic benefits from agricultural land uses and estimate land values with a discount rate to convert annual values into net present values. We applied our method in a landscape undergoing agricultural conversion in Paraguay. Our model of opportunity costs predicted an independent data set of land values and was consistent with implicit discount rates of 15–25%. Model-generated land values were strongly correlated with actual land values even after correcting for the effect of property size and proportion of property that was forested. We used the model to produce a map of opportunity costs and to estimate the costs of conserving forest within two proposed corridors in the landscape. This method can be applied to conservation planning in situations where natural habitat is currently being converted to market-oriented land uses. Incorporating not only biological attributes but also socioeconomic data can help in the design of efficient networks of protected areas that represent biodiversity at minimum costs.     

经济发达地区土地资源可持续利用方式诊断——以江阴市为例

本文以江苏省江阴市为例 ,采用定性分析与定量诊断相结合的方法 ,研究了经济发达地区土地资源可持续利用水平、动态变化以及障碍因素。研究表明 :江阴市土地资源利用已进入基本可持续状态 ,但也出现了生态环境恶化、建设用地比重增大、耕地面积下降等问题。针对诊断结果 ,提出了促进土地资源可持续利用的几项对策     

生态文明市建设指标体系研究

我国是文明古国,礼仪之邦,主张"天人合一",人与人、人与自然和谐共存发展。党的十七大提出了生态文明建设,是人类文明发展史上的一大飞跃,是科学发展观对生态环境保护的新要求,是引导我国开创一条人与自然和谐的可持续发展道路。本文根据生态学原理,在国家环保局《生态县、生态市、生态省建设指标》基础上,结合包头市环境状况和经济发展,提出生态文明城市目标及实施途径和建设生态文明城市步骤,供参考。