Determination of pesticides in apples,grapes and apple juice from a Kosovo market by gradient liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Apple, grape, and apple juice were analyzed for pesticides using a multireaction mode (MRM) method in samples taken from a Kosovo market. With this method it was possible to analyze about 100 pesticides in the ESI mode. In these samples some types of pesticides were found, but most of them did not exceed the maximum tolerance levels. In apple samples, six pesticides were detected but only three of them were in sufficient quantitites. Dimethoat was below the limit, while acephate and imazalil exceeded the limit. In grape and apple juice samples, all of pesticides which were found did not exceed the maximum tolerable limits.     

Performance of an ANAMMOX reactor treating wastewater generated by antibiotic and starch production processes

A pilot-scale anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) reactor was used to treat mixed wastewater resulting from a chlortetracycline and starch production process. The results, collected over the course of 272 days, show that the ratio of influent ammonium to nitrite, pH, and temperature can all affect the efficiency of nitrogen removal. The ratio of influent ammonium to nitrite was maintained at about 1:1 at a concentration below 200 mg·L^-1 for both influent ammonium and nitrite. The total nitrogen (TN) loading rate was 0.15–0.30 kgN·m^-3·d^-1, pH remained at 7.8–8.5, and temperature was recorded at 33±1°C. The rate of removal of ammonia, nitrite, and TN were over 90%, 90%, and 80%, and the effluent ammonium, nitrite and TN concentrations were below 50, 30, and 100 mg·L^-1.     

Upgrade of three municipal wastewater treatment lagoons using a high surface area media

Lagoon-based municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are facing difficulties meeting the needs of rapid population growth as well as the more stringent requirements of discharge permits. Three municipal WWTPs were modified using a high surface area media with upgraded fine-bubble aeration systems. Performance data collected showed very promising results in terms of five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), ammonia (NH₃) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal. Two-year average ammonia effluents were 4.1 mg·L^-1 for Columbia WWTP, 4 mg·L^-1 for Larchmont WWTP and 2.1 mg·L^-1 for Laurelville WWTP, respectively. Two- year average BOD₅ effluents were 6.8, 4.9 and 2.7 mg·L^-1, and TSS effluents were 15.0, 9.6 and 7.5 mg·L^-1. The systems also showed low fecal coliform (FC) levels in their effluents.     

高密度沉淀-活性砂过滤工艺在钢铁工业废水处理中的应用

采用调节池-高密度沉淀池-活性砂滤池-消毒为主要处理工艺,处理钢铁工业废水并回用,介绍该工艺技术特点、主要构筑物的技术参数以及运行效果。工程监测结果表明,该工艺对总硬度、浊度及COD的去除率分别达到60%、85%及62%以上,出水水质各项指标均达到《城市污水再生利用工业用水水质标准》(GB/T19923-2005)要求。处理系统运行稳定,耐冲击能力强。     

在线柱浓缩-液相色谱法测定水体中痕量敌草快和百草枯

采用在线柱浓缩-超快速液相色谱联用技术测定水体中痕量百草枯和敌草快.水样无需样品前处理,过滤后即可进样.采用固相萃取小柱富集待测物,以色谱梯度泵完成样品的净化后,利用阀切换技术将待测物反冲至分析柱进行分离,以二极管阵列检测器定量.方法在1.0—20.0μg.L-1范围内线性良好,百草枯和敌草快的线性相关系数分别为0.9997和0.9989.百草枯和敌草快的检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.10、0.12μg.L-1,加标回收率在96.0%—98.0%之间.用所建立的方法测定了水中痕量的百草枯与敌草快的含量,结果令人满意.     

助剂强化罐底油泥的压滤脱水性能

采用实验室压滤装置对胜利油田某联合站罐底清罐油泥进行压滤脱水研究,采用单独添加助滤剂G、絮凝剂PAM或PAC均可改善过滤效果,提高滤速,降低过滤比阻。但仅使用助滤剂G时滤速的提高尚不够理想,单独使用絮凝剂PAM或PAC时,滤饼含水率偏高,滤饼不易从滤布上剥离;絮凝剂PAM 0.1%与助滤剂G 3.0%复配,滤饼比阻由空白样的18.7×1012 m/kg降低到0.05×1012 m/kg,3 min即可使滤饼含水率降到74.16%,滤液澄清,滤饼成形性好,较仅添加絮凝剂PAM时,更容易从滤布上剥离。     

油田储油罐非甲烷总挥发实验及仿真模拟

针对油田单井拉油罐非密封生产带来的油气泄漏问题,建立小型原油储油罐挥发损耗实验模拟平台,通过气相色谱法探究各因素对其损耗的影响,利用Fluent仿真软件模拟储油罐的泄漏扩散。结果表明:储液温度和有无风环境对储油罐非甲烷总烃(NMHC)挥发影响较大,储液高度和环境温度对其影响较小;仿真模拟无风环境下,储油罐泄漏口短时间内存在油气积聚现象;有风环境下,当风速为1 m/s,油气积聚不明显;随风速增大,扩散浓度场面积不断增大,油品损耗量增大,在风速为5 m/s的环境下,扩散300 s时的浓度场面积相比扩散200 s时较小,但泄漏口处的油气积聚面积增大。     

矿井瓦斯液相催化氧化制甲醇的理论初探

提出了以瓦斯气中的氧气作为氧化剂,选用适当的催化剂对瓦斯气中的甲烷进行直接催化氧化合成甲醇的研究思路。从甲烷液相催化氧化反应机理入手,围绕着矿井瓦斯部分氧化制甲醇的热力学、甲烷液相部分氧化制甲醇的研究基础、瓦斯中氮气的防爆惰化作用及构建的实验系统几个方面对矿井瓦斯液相催化氧化制甲醇的可行性进行了探讨。     

液体石蜡乳化液的制备及对甲苯废气的吸收性能研究

以液体石蜡和水制备乳化液,以制备的乳化液吸收甲苯废气。考察了制备乳化液时油水质量比、乳化剂的质量分数、HLB值(亲水亲油平衡值)、乳化时间、乳化温度的选择及Tween 80、正辛醇、NaCl、Na2SO4对甲苯吸收效果的影响。结果表明,室温下油水质量比为7∶3,乳化剂质量分数为7%,HLB值为10,乳化时间为0.5 h时制备的乳化液稳定性最好。试验条件下乳化液对甲苯的初始吸收率可达96.53%,增加Tween 80的量和添加正辛醇能提高乳化液的吸收效果,添加NaCl和Na2SO4则降低乳化液对甲苯的吸收能力。     

2000m~3丙烯球罐壳体水压试验的可靠性分析

随着大型化、高参数化球罐的广泛使用,可靠性设计方法在球罐设计中起着日益重要的作用。应用有限元分析软件ANSYS的概率设计功能,将压力载荷、球壳壁厚、壳体直径、屈服极限作为随机输入变量,对球罐壳体水压试验进行可靠性分析,获得了壳体的可靠度、壳体应力分布对各随机变量的灵敏度等参数,为大型球罐的设计提供理论依据。