Using a zeolite medium biofilter to remove organic pollutant and ammonia simultaneously

IntroductionWatershortageproblemisquiteseriousinmanycitiesofChina .Thereuseofmunicipalwastewaterisoneofthekeymethodstoreleasethisproblem .Makeupwaterforrecirculatingcoolingsystemisthelargestwaterusageinmanyfactories .Thewaterqualitystandardsforreclaimedwa…     

Biodegradation of mixture of VOC's in a biofilter

Volatile organic compounds(VOC‘s) in air have become major concern in recent years. Biodegradation of a mixture of ethanol and methanol vapor was evaluated in a laboratory biofilter with a bed of compost and polystyrene particles using an acclimated mixed culture. The continuous performance of the biofilter was studied with different proportion of ethanol and methanol at different initial concentration and flow rates. The result showed significant removal for both ethanol and methanol, which were composition dependent.The presence of either compound in the mixture inhibited the biodegradation of the other.     

加载条件下原水管道受力特征模型试验研究

为研究堆载大小对原水管道受力变形的影响,采用量纲分析法得出模型试验相似比,并根据相似比进行模型箱的设计、管道材料的选取和重塑土的配制,研究不同工况下管道的受力特征。试验结果表明:整体上管道端部应力大于管中央应力,管轴向应力大于管环向应力。在中心加载下,管端应力值较管中央处大,前者增长速度更快,而后者增长速度较慢。在偏心荷载作用下,靠近荷载的管端应力最大,而管中央应力最小;尤其在偏载6 kPa作用下,管端下表面轴向应力达到595 kPa,而管中央处仅有64 kPa,管端受边界约束作用明显,管道呈弯曲变形。     

Inexpensive substrate sampler for macroinvertebrates

Assessment of aquatic macroinvertebrates is a critical component of many watershed monitoring programs and passive samplers are often used to collect long-term site data, especially in environments where active sampling is not possible. However, standard passive samplers can be expensive and lost in extreme conditions. We developed a sampler using plastic soda bottles (PSB) filled with river rock and compared its effectiveness with standard Hester-Dendy samplers in both lotic and lentic environments. Abundance, taxa richness, and macroinvertebrate composition showed no significant differences between sampler types in either habitat type. PSB samplers, which can be constructed for less than one dollar each, collected the same number of organisms and represented the same diversity as Hester-Dendy devices that cost around $38 each. In studies where funds are limited, PSB samplers appear to be suitable for passive monitoring.     

山区乡村房屋模型洪水冲击试验研究

洪水对山区乡村房屋冲击作用的试验研究成果,可为山区乡村房屋的抗洪设计和抗洪能力评价提供依据。试验主要研究到溃口不同距离处的乡村房屋所受的洪水冲击作用。采用3种开洞率模型进行试验,研究洪水在不同距离、不同开洞率的情况下对房屋结构的冲击荷载分布、冲击力大小以及冲击弯矩的影响,得出了荷载分布规律和冲击力、冲击弯矩的变化规律。研究结果表明,迎水面冲击荷载沿水平方向的变化无明显规律,沿竖直方向随着高度的增大而逐渐减小;冲击力随着房屋到溃口距离的增大而增大,而开洞率对其影响不明显;冲击弯矩、冲击作用力随着距离的增大而增大,随着开洞率的增大而减小。     

诱导式防冲支护装置的屈曲吸能特性研究

基于薄壁管件屈曲吸能原理,设计了具有特殊形状的诱导式防冲支护装置,应用于一种新式巷道吸能防冲液压支架中,旨在当突发围岩冲击时,通过装置自身及时的变形让位过程,应对支架遭受的冲击破坏作用并快速吸收其携带的冲击能,从而支架结构受到保护,围岩稳定性与巷道的整体性得到保障。防冲支护装置的承载力与吸能量通过吸能理论分析与计算获得;利用ABAQUS大型分析软件模拟两种防冲支护装置结构形式的变形吸能过程,在轴向加载的条件下进行单节支护装置准静态压缩试验。结果表明:单节防冲支护装置支护力大,比吸能高,吸能量大,总体吸能效果好。防冲支护装置吸能特性研究,为解决当下冲击地压发生时巷道支护安全问题提供了新方法。     

峰值前后多次加载下煤样声发射特征

掌握峰值前后多次加载下煤样声发射变化规律,对研究煤矿开采中不同变形部位煤岩裂缝演化至关重要。利用RMT-150B型岩石力学实验系统以及CDAE-1全数字化声发射检测及分析系统,采取焦作矿区煤样进行了峰值前后多次加载下的应力-应变-声发射测试实验。测试结果显示:首次加载时声发射参数呈现“渐变性”的变化特征,随后加载时声发射变化呈现“分段性”特征。并且随着加载次数的增加煤岩的Felicity效应逐渐增强,体现了煤岩记忆的超前性。同时,随着加载次数的增加,煤样时间-声发射曲线较时间-应力曲线的滞后性逐渐增强。这些特征的研究可以为煤矿井下地质灾害的监测、预测提供指导。     

新型防突装置对封隔器胶筒力学性能影响研

为了进一步保证封隔器安全坐封,提高封隔器胶筒的力学性能,基于现有成熟技术,设计了一种新型防突装置,分析了不同防突装置材料和结构参数对封隔器胶筒肩部突出、接触应力、Von Mises应力的影响。结果表明:新型封隔器肩部突出距离相比常规封隔器降低了63.35%,使胶筒不易被破坏,延长了胶筒的寿命;对防突装置材料和结构参数进行优选,选择材料为铝合金,距胶筒端面距离H=2.5mm,厚度B=0.5mm的新型防突装置;新型防突装置的设计与应用为封隔器坐封提供了安全保障。     

污泥负荷对生物处理系统耐药细菌的影响研究

为了研究污水生物处理工艺中抗药性细菌生长和分布特性及污泥负荷的影响,构建了不同处理负荷的活性污泥工艺,并以磺胺嘧啶抗性异养菌为例,阐述了污泥负荷对活性污泥系统中典型抗药细菌的生长及排放特性的影响.结果表明,污泥负荷增大有利于磺胺嘧啶抗性异养菌的生长繁殖,负荷提高后净比生长速率和细菌产量分别由0.32d-1和2.3×106CFU/d提高至0.33d-1和3.1×106CFU/d,活性污泥、出水和剩余污泥中抗药菌的浓度也均显著提高(P < 0.05),但对抗药细菌的相对丰度无显著改变.低污泥负荷下[0.24kg COD/(kg MLSS?d)]抗药细菌主要通过剩余污泥形式排放,排放量比(泥中排放量/水中排放量)为28.4;负荷提高至0.4kg COD/(kg MLSS?d)后,出水抗药细菌排放量显著提高,排放量比为1.1.处理相同水量,高污泥负荷下排放的抗药细菌总量明显降低,提高污泥负荷有利于活性污泥系统抗药性风险的控制.     

Continuous biohydrogen production from diluted molasses in an anaerobic contact reactor

An anaerobic contact reactor (ACR) system comprising a continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with settler to decouple the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from solids retention time (SRT) was developed for fermentative hydrogen production from diluted molasses by mixed microbial cultures. The ACR was operated at various volumetric loading rates (VLRs) of 20–44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1 with constant HRT of 6 h under mesophilic conditions of 35°C. The SRT was maintained at about 46–50 h in the system. At the initial VLR of 20 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, the hydrogen production rate dropped from 22.6 to 1.58 L·d^-1 as the hydrogen was consumed by the hydrogentrophic methanogen. After increasing the VLR to 28 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1 and discharging the sludge for 6 consecutive times, the hydrogentrophic methanogens were eliminated, and the hydrogen content reached 36.4%. As the VLR was increased to 44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen yield increased to 42.1 L·d^-1 and 1.40 mol H₂·molglucose-consumed^-1, respectively. The results showed that a stable ethanol-type fermentation that favored hydrogen production in the reactor was thus established with the sludge loading rate (SLR) of 2.0–2.5 kgCOD·kgMLVSS^-1·d^-1. It was found that the ethanol increased more than other liquid fermentation products, and the ethanol/acetic acid (mol/mol) ratio increased from 1.27 to 2.45 when the VLR increased from 28 to 44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, whereas the hydrogen composition decreased from 40.4% to 36.4%. The results suggested that the anaerobic contact reactor was a promising bioprocess for fermentative hydrogen production.