Teams as boundaries: How intra‐team and inter‐team brokerage influence network changes in knowledge‐seeking networks

What role does an ego's brokerage location—within a team (intra‐team) or outside the team (inter‐team)—play in the evolution of an instrumental knowledge‐seeking network in terms of both proximal (i.e., within the team) and distal (i.e., outside the team) tie formation and tie decay? We address this question by drawing on literature about social networks, brokerage, and teams. We use temporally separated data from 302 students embedded in 97 teams to test our hypotheses about the impacts of intra‐team and inter‐team brokerage on proximal and distal network evolution, specifically on four network changes in knowledge‐seeking networks: proximal tie formation, proximal tie decay, distal tie formation, and distal tie decay. We find that these four changes depend on individual network brokerage location even after controlling for personality and task characteristics. Specifically, inter‐team brokers change their networks both within and outside their teams, whereas intra‐team brokers curtail their network changes. We argue that these opposite effects occur because inter‐team brokers have greater autonomy than intra‐team brokers. This study adds to the ongoing dialog about network evolution in social network literature and to the conversations about brokerage and its location in the context of team‐based work.     

苏通大桥结构健康状态评估技术研究与应用(3):主梁损伤定位

为提高基于模态参数的损伤识别方法的损伤敏感性和噪声鲁棒性,将多源数据融合技术引入到苏通大桥主梁损伤定位方法中。基于D-S证据理论对模态柔度和模态应变能指标进行数据融合,并以苏通大桥扁平钢箱梁为分析对象,对融合后损伤定位指标的应用效果进行了讨论。结果表明:基于数据融合的损伤定位方法具有较强的损伤敏感性,只需要较少的低阶模态信息就能识别主梁的早期损伤;数据融合后,损伤定位指标可以在较强的噪声环境下准确地识别斜拉桥钢箱梁的损伤,具有较好的工程实用性。     

中国西部矿产资源产业集聚度与竞争力研究

促进矿产资源产业集聚是推动我国西部矿产资源产业发展的主要路径之一,开展我国西部矿产资源产业集聚度与产业竞争力相关性的研究可以为西部矿产资源产业竞争力提升提供相关决策指导.为分析矿产资源产业集聚对矿产资源产业竞争力和区域经济的推动作用,本文选取区位熵反映矿产资源产业集聚度,具体地,选择企业数量区位熵反映矿产资源产业区域集聚度.选取产业产值区位熵反映矿产资源产业经济集聚度;矿产资源产业竞争力则选取产值利润率借以反映.通过衡量我国西部9个矿产资源产业的区域集聚度、经济集聚度和产值利润率,得出我国西部大部分矿产资源产业仍停留于企业"扎堆"的区域集聚,经济集聚不足,尤其是下游加工业,这导致我国西部矿产资源产业集聚效应难以充分发挥,产值利润率低下;进一步的相关性分析表明,西部矿产资源产业集聚度与产业竞争力正相关,且经济集聚对产业竞争力的推动作用更强.因而,不仅要发展下游加工业,而且要提高产业集聚度尤其是经济集聚度,以更有效地推动我国西部矿产资源产业竞争力的提升.     

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons: Kairomones with a releaser effect in the sexual communication of the white-spotted longicorn beetle, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anoplophora malasiaca</Emphasis> (Thomson) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Summary.  We conducted a series of experiments with the white-spotted longicorn beetle Anoplophora malasiaca (Thomson), and its host plant, Citrus unshiu, to examine the origin of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (SHCs; including β-elemene, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, α-farnesene, and several unidentified compounds) that are contained in the elytra of the beetles and act as an attractant. In the laboratory, mechanically wounded citrus branches, as well as those fed upon by A. malasiaca, attracted males more frequently than intact branches. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) and subsequent analyses by gas chromatography (GC) analyses detected measurable SHCs from the air around both mechanically wounded and beetle-infested branches, as well as trace amounts from intact branches. The SHCs were also detected for a certain time from beetles that had fed on the citrus branches, but the amounts decreased rapidly after they were removed from the host. This decrease generally corresponded with a reduction of attractiveness of the beetles in a behavioural assay. Isolated females acquired the SHCs after exposure to, but not upon contact with, other females that had fed on C. unshiu branches. We hypothesize that the citrus SHCs are adsorbed in, retained on, and released from the wax layer of the beetle elytra. Since these compounds are released from branches when beetles feed, they may indirectly signal the presence of beetles to others in the field. The high response rate to SHCs by males is likely representing mate searching behavior. The SHCs act as kairomones with a releaser effect in the communication system of A. malasiaca. Hiroe Yasui, Toshiharu Akino, Midori Fukaya: These authors contributed equally to this article.     

Modelling of concentrations along a moving observer in an inhomogeneous plume. Biological application: model of odour-mediated insect flights

We develop a stochastic model for the time-evolution of scalar concentrations and temporal gradients in concentration experienced by observers moving within inhomogeneous plumes that are dispersing within turbulent flows. In this model, scalar concentrations and their gradients evolve jointly as a Markovian process. Underlying the model formulation is a natural generalisation of Thomson’s well mixed condition [Thomson DJ (1987) J Fluid Mech 180:529–556]. As a consequence model outputs are necessarily compatible with statistical properties of scalars observed in experiment that are used here as model input. We then use the model to examine how insects aloft within the atmospheric boundary-layer can locate odour sources by modulating their flight patterns in response to odour cues. Mechanisms underlying odour-mediated flights have been studied extensively at laboratory-scale but an understanding of these flights over landscape scales is still lacking. Insect flights are simulated by combining the stochastic model with a simple model of insect olfactory response. These simulations show the strong influence of wind speed on the distributions of the times taken by insects to locate the source. In accordance with experimental observations [Baker TC, Vickers NJ (1997) In: Insect pheromone research: new directions, pp 248–264; Mafra-Neto A, Cardé RT (1994) Nature 369:142–144], flight patterns are predicted to become straighter and shorter, and source location is predicted to become more likely as the mean wind speed increases. The most probable arrival time to the source decreases with the mean wind speed. It is shown that scale-free movement patterns arising from olfactory-driven foraging stem directly from the power-law distribution of concentration excursion times above/below a threshold level and are robust with respect to variations in Reynolds number. Flight lengths are well represented by a power law distribution in agreement with the observed patterns of foraging bumblebees [Heinrich B (1979) Oecologia 40(3):235–245].     

采空区瓦斯涌出源位置对瓦斯分布影响的数值模拟

根据多孔介质渗流理论,利用Fluent软件,分别对采空区瓦斯在整个采空区均匀涌出、上邻近层及底板遗煤涌出2种情况下采空区瓦斯分布规律进行了数值模拟.结果表明:采空区瓦斯为上邻近层及底板遗煤处涌出时,沿走向方向,靠近上邻近层及底板处高体积分数瓦斯距离工作面较近;沿竖直方向,瓦斯体积分数分布呈钩状,靠近瓦斯涌出源处瓦斯体积分数最高;整个采空区均匀涌出时采空区瓦斯体积分数分布与上邻近层及底板遗煤涌出时有很大差别.因此,为了得到更符合实际情况的瓦斯分布规律,数值模拟时应按照现场实际的瓦斯涌出源位置建立模型.     

考虑火源位置的船舶机舱火-热-结构耦合研究

为准确分析真实火灾条件下的船舶机舱结构力学行为,克服传统标准温升法的缺陷,提出基于火灾动力学模拟器(FDS)和ANSYS的火-热-结构力学耦合分析方法;采用FDS仿真模拟真实火灾场景,获得近机舱内壁面处时变温度场信息,以此温度场信息为边界条件,传输到结构力学行为仿真软件ANSYS中,对机舱结构加载温度荷载并进行瞬态热分...     

基于主逻辑图的安全风险建模研究

概率风险评估已成为研究复杂系统安全风险较为成熟的方法 ,其风险模型的建立是基于故障树/事件树的 ,风险分析具有众多的静态特性。然而 ,大的复杂系统往往存在诸多动态因素 ,在风险研究需要考虑这些动态因素的情况下 ,基于传统故障树 /事件树的模型则难以提供支持。笔者对此进行了分析 ,提出了基于主逻辑图的安全风险建模 ;主要介绍了主逻辑图的概念及其建模方法 ,并对模型进行了分析 ;在此基础上 ,基于主逻辑图分析事故场景 ,对场景风险的量化评估进行了简要介绍 ,并结合某核反应堆例子进行了分析。     

布袋收尘穿漏监测及定位技术现状与展望

综述了国内外布袋收尘穿漏监测及漏袋定位主要技术现状,预测了该技术领域的发展趋势。     

卫星遥感技术在空气点位布设评估工作中的应用研究

以苏州市为例,利用2013-2014年MODIS高分辨率大气气溶胶卫星遥感产品对国控空气监测点位布设调整方案进行评估论证,通过提取2 km和5km半径范围的PM2.5遥感观测数据,与现有国控布设点位的地面监测数据进行相关性分析后,确定卫星产品用于评估验证是可靠的;通过不同天气场下PM2.5月均值浓度分布的比较,表明调整后空气点位布设具有很好的代表性.