良性发展论:可持续发展超越与丰富探析之二——良性发展目标的辨析及图解

本文在“良性发展论 :可持续发展超越与丰富”一文基础上 ,对良性发展的五大战略目标的指代及相互关系进行了讨论 ,并对其一一作了图解分析。     

Indicating ecosystem integrity — theoretical concepts and environmental requirements

This paper discusses some conceptual fundamentals for the derivation of environmental indicator sets. On the one hand, it defines requirements from environmental politics, environmental management and legislation, reaching from political target hierarchies and sustainable management strategies to holistic protection concepts such as process protection, resource preservation, ecosystem health and ecological integrity. On the other hand, demands from ecosystem theory are described which include the consideration of features such as self-organization, emergence, thermodynamics, gradients and ecological orientors in environmental indicator sets. From that concept, collective and emergent properties are selected and eight holistic ecosystem features are presented that indicate the ecosystemic state as an ensemble. These general indicators of ecosystem integrity are supplemented by variables on structural changes and substance dynamics.     

Research on carbon emissions in China's export trade based on input-output model

Becoming the world’s largest emitter of carbon makes China the object of criticism;however,people may ignore the fact that when China exports low-carbon products,the carbon emissions have been left in the meanwhile,forming the so-called"embodied carbon".Using the input-output model,this paper analyzes the carbon emission intensity and amount of embodied carbon of various sectors in China’s export trade in 2002 and 2007,and filters out high carbon emission sectors.In addition,this paper also points out the problem of carbon emissions’international transfer from developed countries to China through the analysis of national and regional flow of export carbon emissions and changing of the proportion of emissions for exports relative to total emissions,and explains the reason that caused carbon transfer to China by using the treadmill of production theory.Based on that,this paper proposes some measures for carbon reduction in China from the foreign trade perspective.     

Evaluation of oasis ecosystem risk by reliability theory in an arid area： A case study in the Shiyang River Basin, China

Ecosystem risk is a new concept in understanding environmental problems. It is important to study and develop quantitative methods for regional ecosystem risk analysis. In this study, some new indicators and methods for measuring oasis ecosystem risk were established using reliability theory. These indicators are linked to water resource, which is the key restricting factor in arid area oasis ecosystems. They have clear meanings and can also be compared in different arid area oases. A case study in the Liangzhou oasis of the Shiyang River Basin in China shows how to calculate these ecosystem risk indicators. The results of the case study are as follows： the reliability indicator, risk indicator, stability indicator, and integrated loss indicator of the Liangzhou oasis are 0.686, 0.314, 0.743, and 0.301, respectively. This means that the reliability degree of the oasis＇s ecosystem safety is 68.6%; the degree of risk that it is unsafe is 31.4%; the stability degree is 74.3%; and 30.1% of the oasis＇s area is supported by over-exploiting underground water and damaging the lower reaches of the ecosystem. This result can be used as a guide in controlling and managing ecosystem risk in the research area.     

四川省河流生态环境需水量统计分析评估

本文介绍了标准流量法计算河流生态环境需水量的状况,针对四川省情况结合四川省水文资料,用当前广泛应用的各种标准流量法,对四川省河流生态环境需水量进行统计计算分析。其成果可以为有关部门和设计研究人员提供背景资料或决策依据。     

城区内涝条件下城市公交-地铁双层交通网络的脆弱性分析

为提高城市公共交通应对内涝的能力,利用复杂网络理论的Space-L方法构建了武汉市中心城区的地铁、公交无向加权网络,并在此基础上运用ArcGIS软件构建了不同耦合半径的公交-地铁双层交通网络,确定了连边的权重和节点的重要度,计算了静态下地铁网络、公交网络和不同耦合半径的公交-地铁双层交通网络的介数、平均路径长度和聚类系...     

MPSR无污泥外排系统长期运行机制分析

针对日益凸显的剩余污泥产量大、处置难的问题,实验采用微压内循环生物反应器(MPSR)在无污泥外排运行方式下处理污水.MPSR的有效容积为36L,序批式运行,运行参数为曝气量0.14m3/h,排水比50％,循环周期12h,进水温度(20±1)℃,连续运行225d.实验结果表明,MPSR具有良好的污染物去除效果,COD、T...     

云爆剂贮存化学稳定性的研究

对以硝酸异丙酯为主体的云爆剂进行了3年的贮存试验和高、低温加速试验;检测了云爆剂中的硝酸异丙酯的纯度、水分含量、酸值和表观密度,用红外光光谱法分析了硝酸异丙酯的结构;研究了云爆剂的性能变化规律.试验检测结果表明:常温下云爆剂有较好的化学稳定性;高温下云爆剂的颜色变深、酸值升高;云爆剂与密封油脂和丁腈橡胶的相容性较差.     

智慧工地本质安全度评价方法研究

为对智慧工地全生命周期的本质安全度进行分析与评价,综合运用本质安全理论,构建智慧工地本质安全度评价模型。首先,根据智慧工地本质安全定义,将智慧工地本质安全度划分为初始级、简单级、标准级、成熟级和卓越级5个等级;其次,基于智慧工地的生产现状,构建包括人员管理系统、机械设备管理系统、现场监测预警系统、过程控制管理系统等4个一级指标和16个二级指标的本质安全度评价指标体系;最后,利用C-OWA算子对指标的权重进行计算,采用未确知测度评价法对系统进行综合评价。结果表明:将模型应用到西安地铁某在建项目中,得到该智慧工地项目现阶段推进状态本质安全度等级为标准级,明确该项目下一阶段提升改进的方向,为智慧工地本质安全管理的持续改进提供理论支持。     

酵母菌-SBR法处理油脂碱炼废水研究

研究了8株酵母菌应用于序批式反应器(SBR)直接处理油脂碱炼废水的效果,并探讨了酵母菌的扩大培养方法和影响系统稳定运行的关键因素.结果表明,在不投加任何霉菌和细菌抑制剂的32 L开放体系中,6 d培养出MLSS 19 g/L、SVI 35 mL/g的酵母菌;30 d的连续运行结果表明,在COD 9000～23 000 mg/L、油4500～16000 mg/L的进水情况下,系统高效、稳定运行,COD、油去除率分别达到了86.8%～96.9%和99.5%;短期的pH冲击对系统造成的不利影响是可逆的;污泥龄对酵母菌的SVI有一定影响;长期氮缺乏会诱发某些酵母菌细胞由单细胞向菌丝形态转化,并影响到酵母菌的沉降性.