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151.
Major industrial accidents, which are a type of technological disaster, are very important due to the security risks and financial damages that threaten the environment and human health in today's industrialization. In this study, it was aimed to propose an approach that will guide the decision makers to choose the emergency assembly point that should be in the distance or shelter where the employees will be not affected by the negative consequences of emergencies within the scope of the obligation of industrial establishments preparing an internal emergency plan for major industrial accidents. For this purpose, in the first stage, modelling studies were carried out with ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) Software over possible accident scenarios in an industrial establishment containing different types and amounts of hazardous chemicals. As a result of modelling studies, possible toxic emissions, fire and explosion effect distances and threat zones for the industrial establishment were obtained. In the second stage, the weights of the main and sub-selection criteria to be used in determining the assembly point were calculated. This stage was carried out based on the comparison data obtained as a result of the questionnaire applied to professionals with the help of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision making methods. In the last stage, three candidate points were selected considering the physical effect areas determined in the first stage in the boundaries of the establishment, where the employees were evaluated to be affected the minimum from the negative consequences of industrial accidents. These candidate points were evaluated again with the AHP method on the basis of the sub-criteria whose relative weights were determined in the second stage and a selection was made. As a result, an approach that provides the solution of our problem was obtained. 相似文献
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基于对风险全过程控制的思想,利用层次分析法,构建了综合考虑危险废物填埋场自身属性、污染场地水文地质条件以及污染受体等因素的危险废物填埋场地下水污染风险分级指标体系,该体系共包括14项指标;并采用MCDA(multi-criteria decision analysis,多准则决策分析)模型,对我国37个危险废物填埋场(不包括港澳台数据,下同)地下水污染风险进行了分级研究. 结果表明:14项风险分级指标之间具有很好的独立性,指标体系能够较为完整、准确地反映危险废物填埋场对地下水的污染风险程度;37个危险废物填埋场地下水污染风险可分为高、中、低3个级别,其中81%处于中、低级风险级别;地下水中特征污染物ρ(Cr)监测值与风险分级分值的距平指数为0.802 9,验证了风险分级结果的可靠性;同时采用MDCA模型对风险分级指标权重的敏感性进行分析,验证了风险分级过程中指标权重赋值的准确性,并降低了指标权重赋值过程中的不确定性,进一步提高了分级结果的可靠性.风险分级结果在一定程度上可为危险废物填埋场地下水污染风险管理提供依据. 相似文献
154.
A Water Allocation Decision‐Support Model and Tool for Predictions in Ungauged Basins in Northeast British Columbia,Canada
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Allan R. Chapman Ben Kerr David Wilford 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(3):676-693
Pressures on water resources due to changing climate, increasing demands, and enhanced recognition of environmental flow needs result in the need for hydrology information to support informed water allocation decisions. However, the absence of hydrometric measurements and limited access to hydrology information in many areas impairs water allocation decision‐making. This paper describes a water balance‐based modeling approach and an innovative web‐based decision‐support hydrology tool developed to address this need. Using high‐resolution climate, vegetation, and watershed data, a simple gridded water balance model, adjusted to account for locational variability, was developed and calibrated against gauged watersheds, to model mean annual runoff. Mean monthly runoff was modeled empirically, using multivariate regression. The modeled annual runoff results are within 20% of the observed mean annual discharge for 78% of the calibration watersheds, with a mean absolute error of 16%. Modeled monthly runoff corresponds well to observed monthly runoff, with a median Nash–Sutcliffe statistic of 0.92 and a median Spearman rank correlation statistic of 0.98. Monthly and annual flow estimates produced from the model are incorporated into a map‐ and watershed‐based decision‐support system referred to as the Northeast Water Tool, to provide critical information to decision makers and others on natural water supply, existing allocations, and the needs of the environment. 相似文献
155.
从资源的视角而言,水资源具有的社会、经济、生态属性中,社会属性和生态属性所提供的生态功能和服务多是外部性和非市场的,其价值在纯粹的市场驱动下难以充分实现。从资源管理视角而言,水资源多目标协同配置的实质是水资源多重属性功能和服务的均衡。因此,将具有外部性的社会、生态功能和服务与具有经济价值的功能和服务同时纳入配置框架,是实现多目标协同配置实践的关键问题。本文在回顾水资源配置和水资源非市场价值评估的相关研究的基础上,围绕我国现行水资源配置存在的主要问题,通过水资源的全价值(市场价值和非市场价值)将其多属性功能和公众意愿纳入水资源多目标协同配置中,从水资源管理信息系统、全价值评估和配置管理的绩效评价三个方面构建了水资源配置的多目标协同框架,最后提出相关的保障政策建议。 相似文献
156.
基于故障树分析法研究变电站检修触电事故防控 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
贾杰 《安全.健康和环境》2011,11(6):34-36
对变电站检修工作人员触电事故进行了故障树分析,通过定性分析,得出最小割集和结构重要度,并提出变电站检修触电事故的预防控制措施。 相似文献
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Douglas S. Kenney 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(3):493-503
ABSTRACT: The 1990s have featured a rapid proliferation of “watershed initiatives” in the western United States and elsewhere. Watershed initiatives are ad hoc, voluntary associations typically featuring both governmental and non-governmental actors organized together to collaboratively seek new strategies for addressing water and related natural resource problems at physically relevant regional scales. These efforts are a response to historical and sociopolitical trends that have resulted in increasingly ineffective forums and processes of resource management decision-making, and that have subordinated the role of local stakeholders in problem-solving efforts. In most cases, watershed initiatives appear to provide a pragmatic vehicle for resource managers and stakeholders to address common concerns in a more efficient manner than is otherwise possible, and as such, deserve further application and continued support. 相似文献