污水生物处理系统中内源过程的研究进展

污水生物处理系统的内源过程涉及到一系列微生物学、生态学机制和过程,因而对处理系统的各个方面都有重要影响.然而-目前对内源过程的认识还相当有限.本文首先在总结现有知识的基础上对污水生物处理系统中的内源过程作了定义,并对其区分为细胞和群落两个水平-随后,分别对内源过程中的细胞维持、解偶联、程序化细胞死亡、饥饿状态、高等微生物捕食等过程作了综述,总结了其在污水生物处理领域的研究进展.此外.文章还概述了细胞维持能量和细胞衰减速率的测定方法及其研究进展和存在的问题.本文的目的是通过综述现有的知识,推动对污水生物处理系统中内源过程研究的进一步发展.     

基于维修任务分配的新型装备备件品种确定方法研究

备件需求的确定是装备维修保障的关键性工作之一。基于维修任务分配的备件品种确定方法是一种应用维修任务分配与保障资源需求分析技术,是确定备件需求品种的定性分析方法。通过对装备的所有维修项目进行分配,并分析各维修项目中所需的备件,确定了装备维修所需备件的品种。该方法虽然工作量较大,但简明直观,分析结果全面、科学、合理。     

LGH-01型空气质量连续自动监测系统的有关问题探讨

针对LGH-01型空气质量连续自动监测系统在大庆市空气质量自动监测站的有关维护运行问题,总结出一些有效的工作经验和操作方法供大家参考。     

基于不确定性理论的排水管网多泵站启停液位筛选研究

基于暴雨管理模型(storm water management model,简称SWMM),构建实验管网模型,基于不确定性理论,采用拉丁超立方法采样,根据管网运行管理目标选择可行的泵站启动液位调控方案,并对多个泵站的运行控制参数进行统计分析,筛选合理的泵站启停液位区间。结果表明该方法可以有效分析控制参数的不确定性,为排水管网控制方案的科学制定提供有效分析途径。     

镇江某水质自动站Lumifox 8000生物毒性运行与维护研究

随着太湖流域、滇池等地蓝藻水华加剧,地表水生物毒性指标作为判断水质安全的一个重要指标,将越来越受到重视.本文通过笔者的实际工作经验出发,结合镇江某水质自动站的特点,提出一些在设备运行过程中需要注意的要点和相关建议,确保生物毒性在线监测系统更加可靠及稳定的运行,在水质在线监测预警体系中发挥更有效的作用.     

跨区域灭火救援力量调集模型研究

根据当前我国消防力量配置及灭火救援的现状,在对区域内重大危险源进行灭火救援力量需求分析的基础上,以动态灭火救援圈理论为指导,遵循时间距离最短、同一行政区优先、战斗编成等级优先、类型适应以及力量调集比例限定等原则,构建基于区域重大危险源灭火救援力量需求分析,并以灭火救援战斗编成为基本单位的跨区域灭火救援力量调集模型,该模型可为消防指挥员跨区域调集灭火救援力量提供重要的决策依据。     

Reliability analysis of subsea blowout preventers with condition-based maintenance using stochastic Petri nets

Blowout Preventer (BOP) has maintained its function as a safety barrier and the last line of defence against oil and gas spills since its development in the early 1900s. However, as drilling and exploration activities move further offshore, challenges pertaining to reliable operation of the subsea BOP systems continue to be a source of concern for stakeholders in the industry. In spite of recent advancements in reliability analysis of safety instrumented systems (SISs), the research on reliability assessment of BOP is still lacking in some regards. There are gaps in the literature with respect to the incorporation of preventive maintenance (PM) strategies as well as dynamic operating conditions into BOP reliability analysis. To address these gaps, this paper develops an advanced analysis method using stochastic Petri nets (SPN) to estimate the reliability of subsea BOP systems subject to condition-based maintenance (CBM) with different failure modes. The BOP system is divided into five subsystems which are connected in series with each other and categorised into degrading and binary units. The performance of the BOP system in terms of availability, reliability and mean-time-between failures (MTBF) is obtained and analysed. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to evaluate the effect of fault coverage factor and redundancy design on system performance. The results show that both the fault coverage factor and redundancy have significant impact on the BOP's reliability, availability and MTBF.     

地铁站异质人群疏散折返行为模拟分析

为了解折返行为对异质人群的疏散影响,应用Pathfinder软件对地铁站异质人群突发状况下疏散折返行为进行研究。对人员面对不同情景时的折返意向进行调研,分析了疏散楼梯宽度、折返人员比例、折返位置、列车到站数量、折返人员类型等对地铁站疏散速率以及疏散时间的影响。研究结果表明:折返比例、折返距离和难度与稳定疏散期疏散速率呈负相关,与疏散时间呈正相关,疏散楼梯宽度倍数则反之;地铁站停靠的列车数量与疏散时间呈正相关;肩越窄、运动速度越快,稳定疏散期的疏散速率越大、整体疏散时间短。     

基于蚁群算法的烟气中人员疏散路径选择优化

针对火灾烟气环境下的人员疏散问题,分析人员密度以及烟气能见度对疏散速度以及最佳疏散路径的影响。首先,得到烟气及人员密度对疏散速度的修正函数,并将该函数同蚁群算法的启发式信息函数进行耦合;其次,改进蚁群算法求解最佳路径的局限性,建立1种基于蚁群算法的人员疏散路径算法模型;最后,将算法模型应用于实例研究。研究结果表明:所提出的模型可较好地优化人员疏散路径,并进一步提高人员疏散效率。     

Promoting equity in water access: the limits of fairness of a rural water programme in semi‐arid Mozambique

Bridging the water infrastructure gap has become a major policy concern. In rural areas of Africa, access to water is as much constrained by territorial coverage as it is by the poor conditions of water points due to the difficulty in mobilizing communities for repairs. This paper examines the equity considerations of a rural water and sanitation programme in a district of Mozambique, and their impacts on the achievement of the programme's objectives. Our analysis underlines the contradictions in the conceptualization of equity in the design, planning and implementation of the programme. Even an explicitly pro‐poor strategy can fall short of delivering equity. Our findings stress the fact that overlooking local perception of equity can have a direct impact on the ability of a community to ensure the maintenance of their water points. They call for a careful definition of equity in the design of water programmes, as well as closer attention to this criterion as a precondition to achieving the long‐term objective of the programme.