军用飞机外场腐蚀防护方法研究

介绍了美国空军装备的腐蚀防护概况,阐明了军用飞机外场腐蚀维护的重要性,结合飞机外场使用维护的实际情况,阐述了外场腐蚀预防控制、监控、补救和防腐改进措施的主要内容,提出了我军飞机外场腐蚀防护与修理的基本方法、流程和具体要求.     

基于卫星遥感数据和污染控制政策分析河南省2001—2018年SO2浓度变化特征

为研究河南省长时间序列的ρ（SO₂）变化特征,运用MERRA-2卫星遥感资料并结合《大气污染防治行动计划》的实施,对河南省2001—2018年ρ（SO₂）的时空分布特征进行分析.结果表明:①河南省2001—2018年ρ（SO₂）的空间分布呈东北高、西南低的特征,高值、低值区域分别位于焦作市-新乡市-郑州市北部一带和洛阳市-三门峡市-南阳市交界一带;秋季、冬季ρ（SO₂）高于春季、夏季,冬季ρ（SO₂）比春季、夏季高50%~70%.②2011年前,河南省年均ρ（SO₂）不断上升,北部较南部增速快,年均增速为3.5~4.0 μg/（m3·a）;2011年后,西北部大部分地区ρ（SO₂）呈下降趋势,焦作市-新乡市-安阳市一带下降最快.③2013年《大气污染防治行动计划》实施后,河南省北部ρ（SO₂）呈递减趋势,濮阳市及其周边下降最快,降速超过0.4 μg/（m3·a）;但中南部仍呈缓慢增长趋势,增速高达0.6 μg/（m3·a）.研究显示,主要污染物总量的减排和《大气污染防治行动计划》的实施促进了河南省ρ（SO₂）的下降,但不处于京津冀大气污染传输通道“2+26”城市的地区ρ（SO₂）下降速度较慢甚至略有增长,应进一步加大非传输通道城市大气污染防治力度.      

企业实施清洁生产的障碍分析及政策建议框架

本文总结分析了企业实施清洁生产过程中遇到的问题障碍,提出了克服这些障碍,推进企业清洁生产的政策建议框架,在当前,来自思想观念、组织管理、经济、技术以及知识方法方面的障碍正直接影响着企业清洁生产的实施。对现行工业政策（包括技改政策）和环境政策进行调整、完善,制定清洁生产政策是促进我国清洁生产顺利健康开展的保证。     

中国政府环境信息公开实施效果评价

环境信息公开是国际上公认的新一代环境治理手段,也是我国建设＂阳光政府＂的基本要求.在《环境信息公开办法》实施2 a后,针对31个省级、5个计划单列市和27个省会城市环境保护局落实环境信息公开的制度和行动进行调查分析,通过资料调查、实际公开申请和深入访谈,全面评估政府环境信息公开办法实施的有效性,以期为该办法的进一步完善...     

东江源受偿意愿调查与跨省生态补偿机制研究

文章分别调查了东江源区居民受偿意愿和两地政府对东江源生态补偿机制的诉求。调查表明:居民家庭收入低下,68%的被调查者认为为保护东江水质对家庭收入产生了影响;94%的被调查者认为有必要实施生态补偿,且其中90%的人表示如果接受补偿,将愿意放弃一些会对东江水质保护产生不利影响的经济发展机会;对生态公益林补偿标准期望值在2 250元/(hm2.a)以上,在补偿形式上更青睐现金补偿。分析了中央、广东省和江西省政府之间的利益博弈,提出了建立东江源跨省生态补偿机制的政策建议。     

沿黄地区土地政策试点对区域发展的影响—— 基于断点回归的政策效益检验

土地试点政策是创新土地改革模式的重要方式,是乡村振兴背景下推动农村经济发展的重要动力.本文利用沿黄地区10个试点地2008?—?2018年面板数据,考察了土地试点政策实施对沿黄地区经济发展的影响.结果表明:(1)土地试点政策实施,对沿黄地区各流域经济发展影响效果存在空间差异,表现为中、下游区域对经济发展的带动作用弱于上...     

中国排污许可证制度执行现状调查

本研究以广州、石家庄、兰州、哈尔滨和大同5个城市为调研对象,收集各城市20年来许可证相关的法规制度,并与各城市环境保护监管部门负责人及典型企业环保专职人员进行了访谈。研究表明,中国排污许可证制度在提高企业环保守法意识和推动总量减排上起到了明显作用,但也面临着法律体系不完善,行政资源不足、排放量核算方法不明确、处罚力度弱以及公众参与不充分等问题。在此基础上,本研究提出中国排污许可证制度的改进建议,为决策部门制定相应的政策提供科学和技术的支撑。     

中国碳交易试点政策对城市碳排放绩效的影响及机制

以2010~2016年中国273个地级市面板数据为样本,采用倾向得分匹配-双重差分方法（PSM-DID）检验了碳排放权交易政策对于城市碳排放强度的影响效果以及机制.研究发现：碳排放权交易政策对试点城市碳排放强度的降低具有显著而持续的推动作用,随着年份的推进,政策效果越发明显.此外,利用中介效应分析发现,通过调整产业结构和节能减排的途径可以有效降低城市的碳排放强度,而科研投入的影响尚不明确.基于此,本文建议应该进一步在全国范围推广碳排放权交易政策,优化产业结构,提高第三产业比重,推动企业节能减排并树立绿色低碳消费理念.     

The case for policy‐relevant conservation science

Drawing on the “evidence‐based” (Sutherland et al. 2013) versus “evidence‐informed” debate (Adams & Sandbrook 2013), which has become prominent in conservation science, I argue that science can be influential if it holds a dual reference (Lentsch & Weingart 2011) that contributes to the needs of policy makers whilst maintaining technical rigor. In line with such a strategy, conservation scientists are increasingly recognizing the usefulness of constructing narratives through which to enhance the influence of their evidence (Leslie et al. 2013; Lawton & Rudd 2014). Yet telling stories alone is rarely enough to influence policy; instead, these narratives must be policy relevant. To ensure that evidence is persuasive alongside other factors in a complex policy‐making process, conservation scientists could follow 2 steps: reframe within salient political contexts and engage more productively in boundary work, which is defined as the ways in which scientists “construct, negotiate, and defend the boundary between science and policy” (Owens et al. 2006:640). These will both improve the chances of evidence‐informed conservation policy.     

Aligning science and policy to achieve evolutionarily enlightened conservation

There is increasing recognition among conservation scientists that long‐term conservation outcomes could be improved through better integration of evolutionary theory into management practices. Despite concerns that the importance of key concepts emerging from evolutionary theory (i.e., evolutionary principles and processes) are not being recognized by managers, there has been little effort to determine the level of integration of evolutionary theory into conservation policy and practice. We assessed conservation policy at 3 scales (international, national, and provincial) on 3 continents to quantify the degree to which key evolutionary concepts, such as genetic diversity and gene flow, are being incorporated into conservation practice. We also evaluated the availability of clear guidance within the applied evolutionary biology literature as to how managers can change their management practices to achieve better conservation outcomes. Despite widespread recognition of the importance of maintaining genetic diversity, conservation policies provide little guidance about how this can be achieved in practice and other relevant evolutionary concepts, such as inbreeding depression, are mentioned rarely. In some cases the poor integration of evolutionary concepts into management reflects a lack of decision‐support tools in the literature. Where these tools are available, such as risk‐assessment frameworks, they are not being adopted by conservation policy makers, suggesting that the availability of a strong evidence base is not the only barrier to evolutionarily enlightened management. We believe there is a clear need for more engagement by evolutionary biologists with policy makers to develop practical guidelines that will help managers make changes to conservation practice. There is also an urgent need for more research to better understand the barriers to and opportunities for incorporating evolutionary theory into conservation practice.