重大自然灾害后心理干预行为教育对策

重大灾害对社会经济和生命财产安全都存在严重的影响,而灾区人们的心理变化和行为反应,与社会整体的抗灾救灾效果都具有较大的关联性。该文探讨重大灾害后心理干预行为教育对策,针对灾害对灾区人们产生的心理应激障碍问题,采用叙事疗法按照构建契约、故事重建、制图、探险、结束和复查五步骤,将灾区受灾人群从不良的生活模式中唤醒,并通过体育干预从主体、个体、群体三个角度指引灾区人群,建立正确、积极的人生价值观与社会价值观,采用阅读疗法优化灾区人群的认知结构。     

Medical aspects of volcanic disasters: An outline of the hazards and emergency response measures

The health and safety hazards posed by volcanic eruptions are outlined with special reference to experience gained from the eruptions of Mount St. Helens in 1980. The ability of volcanologists to predict the timing and the impact on local communities of an impending eruption are limited, some recent devastating eruptions having occurred without apparent warning. With the expansion of world populations into hazardous volcanic areas there is a growing need to develop appropriate emergency response measures. This paper describes the main preventive public and occupational health measures that are now a necessary part in dealing with volcanic emergencies.     

地铁工程建设施工危险辨识与施工坍塌事故应急预案的探讨

地铁工程建设施工一旦发生突发性事故,不仅损失巨大,而且受害面广。而目前,我国对于地铁施工突发性事故的应急救援制度和救援预案并未引起人们足够的重视。针对该现状,笔者论述地铁施工建立应急救援的必要性;通过对地铁工程建设施工的固有危险性以及以往事故的统计分析,确立坍塌是地铁工程施工中的重大突发事故;运用实效模式与影响方法,研讨TBM盾构机施工过程中的各种可能危险及后果;在上述研究的基础上,制定了坍塌事故应急预案;强调注水、堵漏、注浆是防止事故扩大的关键,事故后迅速恢复被破坏的市政设施的正常运行是预案实施的有力保障。坍塌事故应急预案对解决地铁工程施工中出现的重大突发坍塌问题具有一定的指导意义。     

突发公共事件应急信息系统平战结合

结合我国应急体系建设的要求,论述了突发公共事件应急信息系统的结构、组成和功能;分析了应急信息系统在平常时期(预防和应急准备阶段)和战时(应急响应阶段和恢复阶段)在整个应急管理过程中不同的功能.指出了我国应急信息系统平战结合重要意义和当前存在的关键问题;提出了今后在应急体系建设和如何实现平战结合方面的建议.     

企业重大事故应急预案编制探讨

针对企业编制预案时存在的共性问题,提出了企业预案的核心内容要求,明确了企业预案中应当包括的主要应急行动程序;采用基于应急功能分析的整体预案编制方法,提出了企业预案的基本框架,并对预案中有关报警、警报和备案等问题进行了讨论.     

The Bhopal gas tragedy—A perspective

We, the then Mayor and Chief of Police of Bhopal, were the two people on whom the responsibility of handling the world's worst industrial disaster fell unceremoniously on the cold night of December 2–3, 1984 when 41 tons of MIC gas was released from the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal. With the company initially in denial mode about the release and then calling it a ‘tear-gas’ type and providing no information on antidote, and with the limited means of evacuation, handling of medical emergency affecting hundreds of thousand, identification and disposal of the thousands of dead, it was probably the most challenging task faced by a duo in peace time. The local people, the medical community, the railway staff, the NGOs, were all very helpful. We narrate the happening and the handling of the consequences and the spot decisions that had to be made with the hope that no such accident happens anywhere.     

小城镇突发公共事件应急决策系统的研究

近年来,突发公共事件的应急研究是研究热点,但对小城镇却缺少应有的关注和重视.本文剖析了当前小城镇突发公共事件应急管理存在的弊端,简要介绍了小城镇突发公共事件应急决策系统的设计与实现,包括应急预案、历史灾情库和法律法规库三大功能.着重论述了小城镇突发公共事件应急流程和预案的框架要素,并分析了应急决策系统与小城镇应急管理体制的融合机制问题.     

长江三角洲跨区域抢险救援体系 --基于分形细化原则的功能模型开发研究

对长江三角洲跨区域抢险救援体系这一类典型的复杂系统进行了系统构建的总体原则分析,在复杂系统开发的并行工程开发组织和总体结构模型研究的基础上,进行了相关分形建模及开发研究,并在长江三角洲跨区域抢险救援体系的递阶控制体系结构的总体模型指导下,得到了分形细化后各级子系统的功能模型结构.     

地震应急中的问题及启示——以南黄海6.1级地震为例

从总结南黄海６．１级地震应急处置中的问题入手，结合一些大地震应急中的教训，提出了对人口稠密、经济发达地区的应急对策     

FLOODPLAIN ANALYSIS,SIMPLIFIED VS. COMPLEX METHODS: A CASE STUDY1

ABSTRACT: The accurate and reliable determination of floodplains, floodway boundaries, and flood water elevations are integral requirements of Flood Insurance Studies. These studies are intended to be used for determining the flood insurance rates. Therefore, the accuracy of the water surface profiles are important. To ensure the high degree of accuracy, the HUD Flood Insurance Administration has developed standards which must be met in the analysis of water surface profiles. A somewhat less accurate study is required for the preparation of Flood Emergency Plans. As part of the flood insurance studies of eight locations in the State of North Dakota, various flood hazard and floodplain information reports were reviewed. The hydrologic and hydraulic analyses, especially the computation of the 100-year water surface profiles, were completed using both simplified and complex hydraulic computation methods. Significant differences were found (1 to 3 feet) between the profiles computed by the SCS simplified method and those computed by HEC-2 computer program. However, the floodplain boundaries determined by both methods were found to be similar. Approximate methods are recommended for rapid determination of the floodplain, floodway boundaries, and inundation area mapping, while sophisticated computer programs (HEC-2) are recommended to be used for developing areas where the 100-year flood elevation has a significant impact on the cost of land development.