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Tamim Younos Raymond de Leon Christine Lewicki 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(1):1-5
ABSTRACT: The objective of this article is to open a dialogue on integrating service‐learning into community based watershed management programs and to discuss opportunities and challenges that a service‐learning program presents to universities and communities. The article presents the concept and definition of service‐learning, and arguments concerning why institutions of higher education and university faculty and students should be involved with community based watershed management programs. The article describes a case study for developing a service‐learning program for watershed management at Virginia Tech and discusses lessons learned from the case study. The paper concluded that to make a service‐learning program sustainable, there should be a long term plan, regular and effective communication with the stakeholders, and some incentives for faculty and students for long term commitment to the community based watershed management programs. 相似文献
684.
Ian H. McBeth Katta J. Reddy Quentin D. Skinner 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(3):575-585
ABSTRACT: The Powder River Basin in Wyoming has become one of the most active areas of coalbed methane (CBM) development in the western United States. Extraction of methane from coalbeds requires pumping of aquifer water, which is called product water. Two to ten extraction wells are manifolded into one discharge point and product water is released into nearby unlined holding ponds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemistry, salinity, and sodicity of CBM product water at discharge points and associated holding ponds as a function of watershed. The product water samples from the discharge points and associated holding ponds were collected from the Cheyenne River (CHR), Belle Fourche River (BFR), and Little Powder River (LPR) watersheds during the summers of 1999 and 2000. These samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sulfate (SO42‐), and chloride (C1‐). From the chemical data, practical sodium adsorption ratio (SARp) and true sodium adsorption ratio (SARt) were calculated for the CBM discharge water and pond water. The pH, EC, TDS, alkalinity, Na, Ca, Mg, K, SARp, and SARt of CBM discharge water increased significantly moving north from the CHR watershed to the LPR watershed. CBM discharge water in associated holding ponds showed significant increases in EC, TDS, alkalinity, Na, K, SARp, and SARt moving north from the CHR to the LPR watershed. Within watersheds, the only significant change was an increase in pH from 7.21 to 8.26 between discharge points and holding ponds in the LPR watershed. However, the LPR and BFR exhibited larger changes in mean chemistry values in pH, salinity (EC, TDS), and sodicity (SAR) between CBM product water discharges and associated holding ponds than the CHR watershed. For instance, the mean EC and TDS of CBM product water in LPR increased from 1.93 to 2.09 dS/m, and froml,232 to 1,336 mg/L, respectively, between discharge and pond waters. The CHR exhibited no change in EC, TDS, Na, or SAR between discharge water and pond water. Also, while not statistically significant, mean alkalinity of CBM product water in BFR and LPR watersheds decreased from 9.81 to 8.01 meq/L and from 19.87 to 18.14 meq/L, respectively, between discharge and pond waters. The results of this study suggest that release of CBM product water onto the rangelands of BFR and LPR watersheds may precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in soils, which in turn may decrease infiltration and increase runoff and erosion. Thus, use of CBM product water for irrigation in LPR and BFR watersheds may require careful planning based on water pH, EC, alkalinity, Na, and SAR, as well as local soil physical and chemical properties. 相似文献
685.
Georgios E. Pavlikakis Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(2):277-288
ABSTRACT: The Ecosystem Management (EM) process belongs to the category of Multi‐Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problems. It requires appropriate decision support systems (DSS) where “all interested people” would be involved in the decision making process. Environmental values critical to EM, such as the biological diversity, health, productivity and sustainability, have to be studied, and play an important role in modeling the ecosystem functions; human values and preferences also influence decision making. Public participation in decision and policy making is one of the elements that differentiate EM from the traditional methods of management. Here, a methodology is presented on how to quantify human preferences in EM decision making. The case study of the National Park of River Nestos Delta and Lakes Vistonida and Ismarida in Greece, presented as an application of this methodology, shows that the direct involvement of the public, the quantification of its preferences and the decision maker's attitude provide a strong tool to the EM decision making process. Public preferences have been given certain weights and three MCDM methods, namely, the Expected Utility Method, Compromise Programming and the Analytic Hierarchy Process, have been used to select alternative management solutions that lead to the best configuration of the ecosystem and are also socially acceptable. 相似文献
686.
1976年香港秀茂坪人工填土边坡滑坡灾害评析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
简要介绍了1976年香港秀茂坪人工填土工程在强降雨后所发生的滑坡灾害,香港土木工程署当时根据滑坡 后的调查和试验研究,探讨了滑坡的起因,并提出了整治措施,为香港地区其它人工填土边坡的设计和施工提供了 有益的启示,也为类似滑坡的治理提供了参考依据。 相似文献
687.
GIS在重庆市地质灾害信息管理系统中的应用 总被引:3,自引:5,他引:3
重庆市是我国地质灾害非常严重的省市之一。长期以来,地质灾害的发生严重地影响着其城市建设与发展。为了加强对地质灾害规律的研究以及科学地管理地质灾害信息,本文探讨了GIS技术在重庆市地质灾害信息管理系统(CQGHMIS)中的应用。该系统以MapGis和MapInfo、Mapx作为后台支持,利用Visual basic5.0中文企业版作为开发语言,具有数据采集与更新、空间检索与查询、信息时空分析与可视和信息输出以及系统说明与帮助等五大功能。 相似文献
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长江上游森林植被变化对削洪减灾功能的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
长江上游具有形成暴雨洪水的地形与气候条件,森林植被削洪减灾功能的提高必须着眼于森林植被—土壤生态系统结构的改善,削洪减灾功能的提高是通过林冠层、枯枝落叶层和土壤层对雨水的截留拦蓄作用实现的。研究区森林植被—土壤生态系统区域差异明显,不同地区该系统林冠层、枯枝落叶层和土壤层的最大截持水量不同,该系统削洪减灾功能的大小不仅与降雨特点有关,而且与系统各水文层前期持水量有关。在连续长时间暴雨情况下,森林植被—土壤生态系统除对第一次洪峰有削减作用外,对后续暴雨洪水的削减作用不明显,甚至会使洪峰增高。根据宜昌站30d洪水量的地区组成和森林植被—土壤生态系统截留持水功能的特点,提出了长江上游森林植被恢复、重建与保护的宏观调控对策。 相似文献