垃圾焚烧炉烟气净化系统的工艺分析

通过对已有垃圾焚烧烟气净化处理装置的工艺及出口排放的参数分析,提出目前适合的处理工艺及发展方向。     

Fire and risk analysis during loading and unloading operation in liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) bottling plant

The article focuses on analyzing risks associated with the gas transfer operation in a liquified petroleum gas (LPG) bottling plant in India. The transfer operations involve transferring liquified gas from the transport tanker to the underground storage tank. Due to the rapid expansion of the cities, many LPG bottling plants in India got surrounded by residential areas and business centers. Moreover, to maintain the supply chain, the frequency of the transfer operations at the bottling plant also increased. In this scenario, an accidental release of LPG during the transfer operation may lead to various consequences such as a pool fire, a fireball, and even a catastrophic rupture of the tank with a successive explosion of its contents. In the study, the operations involved in bottling plants are classified into different hazard zones and analyzed. The probability of occurrence of events leading to an accident is modeled using modeling tools such as ALOHA and PHAST. The consequences of an accident following various events, such as jet fire, fireball, etc., are modeled, and the simulation results are compared. The thermal radiation has been estimated as 4–40 kW/m², which could adversely affect the nearby population and could result in damaging plant machinery and equipment.     

Heavy metal analysis in fish‐kill cases in rivers in Guipuzcoa (Spain)∗

Some fish‐kills in Basque rivers were studied by gill tissue analysis: Samples were wet digested and the solution was analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. In three cases, the cause was linked to the effluents of an aluminium anodizing factory, cyanide caused one kill and copper wastes were related with another. Three cases were attributed to natural reasons and one of the kills was of unknown origin.     

全封闭设备制冷剂回收及相关用途研究

介绍了制冷剂回收器技术原理、回收实验装置．分析了回收过程的安全性、回收的制冷剂的质量及该技术对其他非封闭式制冷设备的适用性等问题。     

环境监测中POPs分析的关键问题与对策

系统介绍了采用EPA8081A与8082方法进行环境样品中持久性有机污染物(POPs)分析的关键问题与对策。包括POPs的气相色谱分析与验证双柱系统,DDT与异狄氏剂在进样系统中的分解及其处理方法,应用目测识别法、手型法与透明复印胶片法等经验方法快速定性多氯联苯(PCBs)、氯丹与毒杀芬等多峰化合物,影响外标法准确定量PCBs、氯丹与毒杀芬等多峰POPs的关键因素,以及质量控制要求。提出应根据中国POPs的环境污染特点,建立相应的POPs标样库与标准图谱库,为中国的POPs污染调查与环境监测提供技术支持。     

Predation, scramble competition, and the vigilance group size effect in dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis)

In socially feeding birds and mammals, as group size increases, individuals devote less time to scanning their environment and more time to feeding. This vigilance “group size effect” has long been attributed to the anti-predatory benefits of group living, but many investigators have suggested that this effect may be driven by scramble competition for limited food. We addressed this issue of causation by focusing on the way in which the scan durations of free-living dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) decrease with group size. We were particularly interested in vigilance scanning concomitant with the handling of food items, since a decrease in food handling times (i.e. scan durations) with increasing group size could theoretically be driven by scramble competition for limited food resources. However, we showed that food-handling scan durations decrease with group size in an environment with an effectively unlimited food supply. Furthermore, this food-handling effect was qualitatively similar to that observed in the duration of standard vigilance scans (scanning exclusive of food ingestion), and both responded to changes in the risk of predation (proximity of a refuge) as one might expect based upon anti-predator considerations. The group size effects in both food-handling and standard scan durations may reflect a lesser need for personal information about risk as group size increases. Scramble competition may influence vigilance in some circumstances, but demonstrating an effect of competition beyond that of predation may prove challenging. Received: 22 September 1998 / Received in revised form: 1 February 1999 / Accepted: 14 February 1999     

河流水环境有机污染物的自组织预测模型及应用

自组织预测模型是前苏联学者伊万年科提出的一种非线性建模预测方法,它能有效地解决复杂非线性系统的数据处理和建模问题。该文应用它进行水环境有机污染物预测,以实际监测数据为基础,建立了一个河流有机物浓度预测的自组织模型,其检验样本的预测误差在５％以内      

关于SERES2000自动监测仪测值不稳定现象的思考

以同江水质自动监测站Seres2000高锰酸盐自动监测仪为例,通过仪器运行中所反映出来的差异数据判断故障原因及处理方法.     

城市污水处理厂污泥特性及资源化利用的发展对策

分析了中国部分污水处理厂污泥的特性。借鉴部分城市污泥处置利用的先进手段和经验，提出了中国污泥资源化利用应遵照“实事求是、因地制宜”的原则。政府提供优惠的产业政策。同时以示范工程为依托。污泥利用形成产业化．成为污水处理企业除污水处理费征收、中水回用之外的第三个经济增长点。弥补污水处理费用的不足，解决污水处理从业人员过多的问题，而且还可以充分发挥污水处理厂社会效益和生态环境效益的发展对策。     

石棉废物的收集、管理与处置技术

石棉制品在生产和使用过程中都会产生大量的废物,废物通过纤维形态暴露在空气中会对人体产生严重危害.因此,要按照危险废物的有关管理法规,将用过的石棉废物尽可能地清除和收集起来,存放在密封容器或塑料袋中,妥善处理.要加强清除、包装、运输人员的技术培训和安全防护,减少健康风险,实行许可证管理.同时介绍了利用石棉废物生产氧化镁、制备吸附剂、采用焚烧法处理等研究发展方向,以及采用土地安全填埋处置的基本要求.