滨海化工区废水预处理去毒技术耦合工艺研究

化工产业是天津滨海新区重要的支柱产业,该行业废水是滨海污染物控制的主要威胁。针对常规单一方法存在的问题,试验选取滨海某化工区实际废水从内电解-Fenton、内电解-混凝、内电解-超声及微波强化氧化-光催化4种耦合去毒预处理工艺进行了研究。试验表明,与传统方法相比,内电解-Fenton法中H2O2的加入增加了污染物的降解途径,提高了对污染物的去除效率;内电解-混凝法对于制药废水的生物毒性有比较好的去除作用,不加PAM或Ca(OH)2的效果更佳;内电解-超声法对制药废水的生物毒性去除率可达92%,其可生化性提高45%;微波强化氧化-光催化法对大多数难降解物质有效,而对酚类物质降解效果不佳。     

浅谈资源城市环保产业发展现状及对策探讨

从煤炭资源型城市鹤岗市环保产业现状出发,立足我国环保产业发展方向,对鹤岗市环保产业现状、发展中存在的问题和障碍,进行了分析和探讨,并在此基础上提出了大力发展环保产业的对策和发展趋向。     

On the Regional Coordinated Development Between Tourism Human Resource and Tourism Industry in China

Abstract

Tourism is one of the typical labor intensive industries and tourism human resource (HR) is the main factor for regional discrepancy of tourism industry. The paper takes China as research region and evaluates the level of tourism HR and the level of tourism industry of 31 provinces respectively. First, the paper constructs evaluation index of regional tourism industry and tourism HR. Then, the paper gets the evaluation scores of every province by applying the principal components analysis and statistical package for the social sciences processing. Second, the paper builds the tourism development-tourism HR matrix and divides the matrix into four quadrants. Finally, the paper points out the problems of tourism HR that exist in the 31 provinces and puts forward development strategy.     

A framework to minimise total energy consumption and total tardiness on a single machine

A great amount of energy is wasted in industry by machines that remain idle due to underutilisation. A way to avoid wasting energy and thus reducing the carbon print of an industrial plant is to consider minimisation of energy consumption objective while making scheduling decisions. To minimise energy consumption, the decision maker has to decide the timing and length of turn off/turn on operation (a setup) and also provide a sequence of jobs that minimises the scheduling objective, assuming that all jobs are not available at the same time. In this paper, a framework to solve a multiobjective optimisation problem that minimises total energy consumption and total tardiness is proposed. Since total tardiness problem with release dates is an NP‐hard problem, a new greedy randomised multiobjective adaptive search metaheuristic is utilised to obtain an approximate pareto front (i.e. an approximate set of non‐dominated solutions). Analytical Hierarchy Process is utilised to determine the ‘best’ alternative among the solutions on the pareto front. The proposed framework is illustrated in a case study. It is shown that a wide variety of dispersed solutions can be obtained via the proposed framework, and as total tardiness decreases, total energy consumption increases.     

Application of fuzzy QFD for enabling sustainability

Contemporary manufacturing organisations recognise sustainability as an important concept for survival. Environmental awareness and recycling regulations have been compelling manufacturers and consumers to evolve sustainable strategies. The modern customers' voices need to be translated with care into technical requirements. Quality function deployment (QFD) is a technique extensively used for this purpose. In order to cope with the vagueness associated with relationships and correlations in QFD, fuzzy numbers have been integrated within a QFD framework and fuzzy QFD has been used in this study. The study is concerned with the application of fuzzy QFD for enabling sustainability in an Indian modular switches manufacturing organisation. The approach is effective in the identification of sustainable competitive bases, sustainable decision domains, sustainable attributes and sustainable enablers for the organisation. The improvement in sustainability has been measured from three perspectives. The results gained as a result of the study indicated that fuzzy QFD could be used as an enabler of sustainability.     

“双碳”目标下钢铁行业控煤降碳路线图

钢铁行业的低碳绿色转型和率先煤耗和碳排放达峰,将对我国实现整体碳达峰目标和经济高质量发展作出重要贡献.基于碳排放-能源集成模型,对我国钢铁行业"双碳"目标下控煤降碳路径开展情景研究.结果表明,我国钢铁行业很有可能在"十四五"前期实现碳达峰,峰值16.4~16.7亿t （含过程和间接排放）,作为主要消费能源的煤炭也将一起达峰,峰值4.6~4.7亿t标煤（含焦炭）,在最激进的强化情景2035年煤炭消费和碳排放将降至2020年的38%和49%;粗钢产量很大程度上主导了钢铁行业的碳达峰进程,推进全废钢电炉短流程和加大废钢利用是碳达峰阶段最主要的控煤降碳措施.基于预测结果提出的钢铁行业控煤降碳路线图显示,需求侧方面,粗钢产量在不考虑"双碳"目标约束的情况下也会随工业化、城镇化水平逐渐达到发达国家水平而达到峰值并开始下降,新能源相关基础设施建设在实现碳中和期间带来的钢材需求增长体量相对有限;技术进步方面,推广长流程节能降碳技术应用是短期内性价比较高的措施,应重点推进高炉高效喷煤等技术的应用,同时增大高炉球团矿平均配比,远期碳捕集封存技术将具有较大的碳减排潜力;产能结构方面,推进全废钢电炉短流程是钢铁行业在碳达峰阶段的主要措施,到"十四五"末期电炉钢占比将提高至15%~20%,在碳中和目标下氢冶金是唯一具有超低碳排放潜力的生产工艺,在未来随着可再生能源或余热余能生产的绿氢供应量提高,氢冶金将成为与基于废钢的电炉短流程并重的钢铁生产工艺.     

河南省典型炭素企业VOCs排放特征及臭氧生成潜势分析

挥发性有机物（VOCs）是主要的臭氧前体物之一,控制VOCs排放是打赢“蓝天保卫战”的重要组成部分.研究工业源VOCs排放特征和对O₃生成贡献对制定和修订相关VOCs排放标准、有针对性控制VOCs排放具有重要意义.炭素行业是非金属制品业的重要组成部分,属于高污染行业,对该行业有组织VOCs排放的研究鲜见文献报道.本文选取河南省某典型炭素企业Y炭素厂作为研究对象,通过实地采样分析了不同工序有组织和车间内、外无组织117种VOCs排放特征,计算臭氧生成潜势（OFP）并评估了不同VOCs类别和物种对O₃生成的贡献.研究表明,Y炭素厂排放因子为0.031 g·kg^-1,其中焙烧工序有组织VOCs排放量最大.总有组织排放占比较大的VOCs类别有烯烃（23.56%）、烷烃（21.24%）、芳香烃（18.17%）、卤代烃（15.34%）和含氧化合物（8.95%）等,占比较大的VOCs物种有乙烯（18.2%）、乙烷（11.5%）、苯（8.66%）和 乙炔（7.15%）等.车间内无组织排放占比较大的VOCs物种则为萘和四氯化碳等.总有组织排放的VOCs中,烯烃、芳香烃和含氧化合物的OFP占比较大,分别为71.72%、11.35%、10.05%,其中乙烯、丙烯的OFP占比分别为52.91%和13.98%,是需要重点治理的O₃生成前体物.     

中国环境服务业的SCP范式分析

环境服务业在环保产业中占据重要位置,环境服务业健康有序发展是"十三五"工作的重点之一。应用SCP范式,从市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效等层面分析环境服务业发展现状,总结环境服务业特点及问题,主要包括:企业普遍规模偏小,盈利水平不高,市场集中度较低;产品差异化程度低,技术和产品还具有较大的提升空间;政策、贸易等存在壁垒,产业发展受到一定制约等。最终根据分析结果及存在的问题,从制度、市场、模式、贸易等层面提出环境服务业优化建议。     

腈纶污水处理厂污染物转化规律分析

对某腈纶污水处理厂的现有处理工艺进行了评估,考察了污染物的转化规律。结果表明,经一级生化处理后,废水中的COD、TOC和BOD₅去除率分别为51.1%、32.1%和98.1%,但二级生化处理对COD和TOC的去除没有贡献。一级生化处理过程中氨化作用显著,有机氮逐渐向氨氮和有机胺转化,含氰基的大分子逐渐降解为较小的分子,且可见光区类富里酸荧光物质向类腐殖酸荧光物质、紫外区类富里酸荧光物质转化,同时生化出水中新增溶解性微生物代谢产物。但一级生化出水中碳氮比很低,几乎没有可生化性,导致二级生化处理效果不佳。     

电力行业实行二氧化硫排污交易浅析

本文介绍了排污权交易在国内外的发展进程及现状。分析了我国电力行业实行二氧化硫排污交易的可行性，同时指出该交易体系目前存在的初始排污权分配、环境公平性、交易市场以及政府职能等问题；建议我国应在借鉴国外成功经验的基础上，结合我国实际情况逐步建立二氧化硫排污权交易的完整的市场体制，并完善相关政策，扩大交易范围。