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211.
核糖体RNA基因在海洋动物分子系统学中的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
随着分子遗传标记在分子系统学中应用的发展,核糖体RNA基因因其特殊的组成结构和演化方式被广泛应用于海洋动物分子系统学研究中.本文系统地介绍了真核生物核糖体RNA基因的组成和性质及其近年来在海洋动物系统进化、分类和种质鉴定、遗传多样性研究等方面研究中的应用.从中可以看出,核糖体RNA基因已经广泛应用于海洋动物的分子系统学研究中,但主要利用的是核糖体RNA基因的一级结构.图2参36 相似文献
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Abstract: Numerous ecological studies have demonstrated the dramatic effects that humans have on coastal marine ecosystems. Consequently, marine reserves have been established to preserve biodiversity. Recent reviews show that this strategy has paid off because inside reserves, most species have rapidly increased in size and abundance. Even though these studies focused on free-living organisms and paid little attention to parasite populations, numerous authors support the hypothesis that parasitism levels could be good indicators of ecosystem stability. We examined harvesting effects on the dynamics of a parasitic trematode ( Proctoeces lintoni ) that completes its life cycle in intertidal mussels ( Perumytilus purpuratus ), keyhole limpets ( Fissurella crassa ), and clingfish ( Sicyases sanguineus ). All of these species are directly or indirectly affected by humans. Prevalence and abundance of the trematode P. lintoni in the three host species were compared in four study sites that differed in the intensity of human harvest. Parasitism infection in limpets and mussels was significantly higher in areas protected from human harvesting than in open-access areas, which suggests a significant change in parasite dynamics inside reserves. Yet the average parasitic biomass found in the gonads of F. crassa did not differ between protected and open-access areas. These results show, then, that the parasite system responded by increasing infection rates in marine protected areas without implication for reproductive success of the intermediate host. Our findings show that the indirect effects of harvesting by humans on the embedded parasite communities of littoral ecosystems require further scientific investigation. 相似文献
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Use of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Marine Conservation 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
JOSHUA A. DREW† 《Conservation biology》2005,19(4):1286-1293
Abstract: Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) represents multiple bodies of knowledge accumulated through many generations of close interactions between people and the natural world. TEK and its application via customary ecological management plans can be useful in modern conservation programs. I disaggregate the term TEK into its constituent parts and show several ways in which TEK can strengthen research designs by increasing locality-specific knowledge, including environmental linkages occurring in those localities. Examples of the uses of TEK in conservation include folk taxonomy in systematics in Micronesia, species knowledge for conservation in Kiribati, and fishers' knowledge of ecological interactions for reserve design in Belize. When conservationists recognize the utility of TEK, they can engage in an equitable exchange of knowledge and foster shared responsibility with indigenous people. These types of exchanges can also provide an opportunity for indigenous people to develop a scientific infrastructure. 相似文献
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浙江沿岸海域海洋动物体内的石油烃水平 总被引:12,自引:4,他引:12
报道了浙江沿岸32种海洋动物体中的石油烃含量。结果表明,海洋动物体内的石油烃含量明显有软体类>甲壳类>鱼类的趋势;海洋动物的石油烃含量还与它们的生活方式有关,其含量有定居性动物>游泳能力弱动物>游泳能力强动物的特征;比较了各类海洋动物内石油烃在浙江沿岸不同海域的含量水平,还与国内外其他海域的海洋动物体内的石油烃含量作了比较。 相似文献
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有机磷农药对海洋微藻致毒性的生物学研究Ⅰ.四种海洋微藻对久效磷的耐受力与其SOD活性的相关性 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文研究了久效磷农药对扁藻、三角褐指藻、金藻和盐藻的毒性实验。结果表明,四种海洋微藻对久效磷的耐受力依次为:盐藻>三角褐指藻>金藻>扁澡。对微藻细胞内过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的测定表明,四种海洋微藻对久效磷的耐受力与其SOD活性具相关性,耐受力最强的盐藻其细胞内SOD活性较高,并在久效磷的胁迫下保持相对稳定;耐受力较弱的三角褐指藻和金藻其细胞内SOD活性随着久效磷浓度的提高逐渐下降;而耐受力弱的扁藻在久效磷胁迫下,其细胞内SOD活性迅速下降。因此,可从SOD活性及其变化规律上判断久效磷对海洋环境污染的程度以及海洋微藻的耐受力。 相似文献
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