电子废弃物资源化现状及处理技术

描述了电子废弃物的产生现状，分析了电子废弃物的特点，并简要地介绍了对其资源化处理的各种方法及设备。     

铸造铝合金材料自然环境试验研究

选用2种铝合金材料(ZL114B、ZL102A)在铸造状态下通过自然 环境试验研究,得出铸造铝合金材料在不同防护方式和不同环境条 件下其性能变化结果。     

Sedimentation of short cylindrical pollutants with mechanical contacts

Lattice Boltzmann method and elastic particle collision model were used to investigate the sedimentation of short cylindrical pollutant particles with mechanical contacts for varying bulk number density ε and terminal Reynolds number ReT. The corresponding experiments were performed as a comparison. The clusters of pollutant particles with an inverted “T” structure were observed, the pollutant particles for high ε and large ReT scattered wider than that for low ε and small ReT. The sedimentation velocities increased suddenly at the initial stage, then decreased drastically, after that swayed around and approached to a steady value. The time to steady state did not depend on ε and ReT. The effect of particle interactions was to hinder the average sedimentation velocity, and hindrance was directly proportional to ε. The orientation distributions of pollutant particles depended on ReT and ε, especially on the former. Both the standard deviations of vertical and horizontal velocity, the former was larger than the latter, were nearly independent on ε and ReT.     

燃煤炉窖黑烟消除技术

阐述黑烟的危害性，黑烟产生的机理、被动消烟与主动消烟技术。加强挥发分和助燃空气的混合、提高燃烧室的温度、延长挥发分在燃烧室中的停留时间、保证足够量的助燃空气是主动消烟的四种基本手段。创造一个供风适量、混合均匀，有足够高的炉温和充分的炉内停留时间的合理燃烧工况，以达到消烟节能的目的。     

界面层对纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料力学性能影响的研究进展

以短切碳纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料、连续碳纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料、碳化硅纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料为对象,综述了近年来关于界面层对FTCMCs破坏模式影响的实验研究工作。从微观力学模型建立、多尺度损伤分析两方面总结归纳了考虑界面层的FTCMCs力学性能模拟分析方法,提出建立切合实际的物理模型以及开发更先进的多尺度分析方法,是解决复杂服役环境下FTCMCs性能表征难题的有效途径。通过多场耦合多尺度建模分析方法来表征和优化FTCMCs的复杂服役环境下性能,系统揭示界面层等微观结构与宏观复合材料性能的对应关系,进而指导工艺设计,均是未来纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料界面层的重点研究方向。     

An Overview on the Mechanical Behaviour of Biodegradable Agricultural Films

The mechanical behavior of various types of biodegradable materials depends, mainly, on their chemical composition and the application conditions. Various additives are added into the bioblends to improve their properties, which sometimes even reach the levels of the conventional plastics. It is well known that the environmental conditions during production, storage, and usage of these materials influence their mechanical properties. Ageing during the useful lifetime also causes great losses in the elongation. In the present paper, the overall mechanical behavior of biodegradable films, which may be considered suitable for agricultural applications, but also of partially biodegradable films, is reviewed and analyzed. Selected critical mechanical properties of films before their exposure to biodegradation are investigated and compared against those of conventional agricultural films.     

加工制造业机械设备折旧过程CO2排放计量探讨

利用折旧法中的楼梯法,再结合设备的主要组成物质的排放因子,初步分析了机械设备在折旧过程中排放的CO2量。研究表明,机械设备在折旧过程中排放的CO2量是碳排放计量工作中不可缺少的一部分。     

PI纤维在空间带电粒子辐照下的力学性能损伤

目的研究聚酰亚胺(PI)纤维在电子辐照、质子辐照、应力耦合质子辐照条件下力学性能的损伤行为。方法采用中国科学院长春应用化学研究所自主合成并纺丝制备的聚酰亚胺纤维,在空间环境模拟设备辐照的条件下,研究空间带电粒子对聚酰亚胺纤维辐照后的力学损伤行为,并通过XQ-1型纤维强度仪对辐照前后的样品进行拉伸试验。结果在低能电子辐照条件下,聚酰亚胺纤维的拉伸强度、模量和断裂伸长率均有所降低,但变化不太显著;高能电子辐照会提高材料的模量;质子辐照后,材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随着辐照注量的增加明显降低;单一施加5%的应变会使聚酰亚胺纤维的拉伸力学性能有一定量下降。与单一应变样品相比,应力耦合质子辐照样品的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率进一步下降,但是与单一质子辐照样品相比,应力耦合辐照样品的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都更高。结论无论是在低能电子辐照条件下,还是在高能电子辐照条件下,电子辐照对聚酰亚胺纤维力学性能影响均较微弱,而质子辐照会较大程度地降低材料的力学性能,增加应力耦合效应之后,质子辐照对材料的力学性能影响减弱。     

磁粘弹性体及其微振动控制应用

先简要介绍新型智能材料、即磁粘弹性体的制备;再介绍磁粘弹性材料的力学性能实验,给出其拉伸、压缩及动力学试验结果,说明大小变形时的特性;最后介绍磁粘弹性材料在微振动控制方面的应用,通过可控复合结构的分析与计算,得到夹层梁与夹层板微振动的均方根速度谱指标,说明磁粘弹性复合结构的微振动控制效果。     

聚合物基复合材料老化性能研究进展

分析了湿热老化、化学侵蚀和大气老化对复合材料的作用机理及对其力学性能的影响,阐述了上述环境作用下的聚合物基复合材料腐蚀寿命预测模型,提出了存在的主要问题及今后的发展趋势。认为材料腐蚀机理的细节、环境因素之间的交互作用、不同方法和装置之间的相关性是今后的研究重点。