杨树刺槐混交林沙地土壤的水分—物理性质

研究了刺槐与杨树混交林后沙地土壤水分－物理性质变化的状况,结果表明,刺槐与杨树混交后,土壤水分－物理性质得到了改善,表现在土壤最大持水量增加,毛管持水量、田间持水量得以提高,土壤有效持水量也有了较大幅度的提高,刺槐与杨树混交后土壤总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度得到提高,并由此而改善了混交林土壤的渗透性能,表4参7     

干旱区土壤小麦根系界面Cd行为的环境影响研究——以甘肃省白银市区耕作灰钙土为例

通过大田环境-土壤-作物系统Cd行为的环境影响研究,初步发现,共存元素Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn对Cd元素在土壤-作物根系界面行为的影响表现为正效应,其影响顺序为Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn>Ni;pH值、粘粒、粗粉粒含量与根系Cd含量呈负相关;磷和砂粒含量与根系Cd含量呈正相关;细粉粒、粗粘粒、有机质和CEC     

北方泥炭地泥炭土矿化速率、温度敏感性及其影响因素研究

北方泥炭地是全球重要的碳汇,也是全球变暖最为敏感的区域之一.然而,由于泥炭地表层和亚表层泥炭土碳排放过程对全球变暖的响应过程及机制仍存在一定争议,目前对全球变暖背景下泥炭地碳排放的认识仍存在一定不足.本研究于2019年8月在大兴安岭满归泥炭地采集表层(0～10 cm)和亚表层(15～30 cm)泥炭土进行室内增温模拟有氧培养,测定其矿化速率、有机质性质和水解酶活性.结果表明,表层泥炭土矿化速率在5、15、25℃下培养时((142.8±66.9)～(545.3±30.6)、(575.0±62.1)～(1843.0±547.4)、(888.4±123.9)～(3646.7±167.9)μg·g^-1·d^-1)均高于亚表层((113.0±41.5)～(367.1±64.1)、(357.4±52.3)～(1122.1±218.8)、(697.1±38.1)～(2336.4±150.6)μg·g^-1·d^-1),但表层和亚表层矿化作用的温度敏感性不具有显著差异;培养过程中,表层与亚表层泥炭土β-1,4-N-乙酰葡...     

决策树模型在水环境监测网络中选取代表性样点的应用

地表水体中的硝酸盐污染已经成为全球关注的热点环境问题之一。现今,国内外均建立了相关的监测网络对地表水体的水质实施长期监测,但是却导致大量的监测数据累积,给后续的科学研究工作带来了不便,尤其是在庞大的监测网络中如何选取有代表性样点的研究点则成为急需解决的问题之一。以比利时弗拉芒地区地表水的长期监测物理化学指标为例,利用决策树模型评估地表水样点的硝酸盐污染来源专家分类的有效性,为点位优化提供理论依据。原有监测点位的污染源专家分类和模型输出的可匹配率为80%,优化后监测点位从原有47个点降低到30个点,提高了监测工作效率。     

生态修复工程实施后对土壤理化性质改善效益初探

通过监测和田地区生态修复项目实施后所取得生态效益的结果表明,生态修复项目实施后,由于项目区风速降低,温度和相对湿度的变化减少,提高了植被盖度,降低了风蚀量,促进了成土作用的进行,从而逐渐改善了土壤的理化性质。     

两株壬基酚和双酚A高效降解菌株的筛选和降解特性

以桂林市上窑污水处理厂污泥脱水车间剩余污泥、上窑堆肥厂的堆肥堆料和桂林雁山镇森林土壤为菌源进行驯化,分离纯化并筛选得到2株能分别以壬基酚(NP)和双酚A(BPA)为唯一碳源和能源生长的降解菌株N-1和B-1。通过对菌株的16S r DNA序列同源性分析,初步鉴定N-1和B-1菌分别为Cupriavidus(贪铜菌属)、Acinetobacter(不动杆菌属)。通过两菌株分别降解NP和BPA的单因素实验,确定了降解动力学以及时间、温度、p H值对降解过程的影响。研究结果表明,细菌N-1,B-1的最佳初始目标污染物质量浓度为5~10 mg/L,降解40 h,N-1去除率可达49.63%,B-1去除率可达62.34%。细菌N-1对NP的去除半衰期t1/2为41.44~48.02 h;B-1对BPA的去除半衰期t1/2为35.23~37.33 h。细菌N-1,B-1的最佳降解温度均为30℃,最佳p H值均在6.5~7.5之间,即两种细菌在中温、中性条件下对NP和BPA降解效果最佳。     

分段变速加载对含瓦斯突出煤力学特性影响试验研究

为探究采动应力变化对含瓦斯突出煤力学特性的影响,利用RLW-500G煤岩三轴蠕变-渗流试验系统,对新景矿含瓦斯突出煤进行了不同围压和瓦斯压力下的常规三轴和分段变速加载力学试验。结果表明:煤样在2种应力路径下的全应力应变曲线均可分为压密、线弹性、塑性变形、应力跌落和残余应力5个阶段;随着围压的升高或者瓦斯压力的降低,煤体在2种应力路径下的强度和弹性模量均增大;相较于常规三轴,煤体在分段变速加载路径下的强度普遍增大,峰值轴向应变、峰值环向应变绝对值和峰值体积应变绝对值也普遍增大,失稳破坏瞬间应力跌落和能量释放更加剧烈。Mohr-Coulomb强度准则仍然适用于分段变速加载条件下的含瓦斯突出煤,该研究对于认识煤与瓦斯突出的发生机制具有一定的指导意义。     

Locating Co-presence in Media Messages about Global Warming

This paper responds to recent calls for alternative approaches to the analysis of environmental communication that uncover overlooked voices in the discussion of environmental issues. Borrowing core principles from critical rhetoric, it suggests a way to categorize media messages according to how human–nature relationships are constructed in media discourse. The paper illustrates how, in presenting contrasting and often oppositional constructions of human–nature relationships, the media messages examined articulate three recurrent (but not equal) discourses on global warming. These discourses include (1) nature-as-out-of-reach discourse, (2) nature-as-antagonist discourse, and (3) nature-as-co-present discourse. By juxtaposing these discourses, the paper shows how environmental communication scholars can engage in critical realism and political advocacy to illuminate latent public discourse that holds the potential to champion marginalized voices of nature and accentuate the interconnectedness of humans and the environment.     

Sources and Framing of Fracking: A Content Analysis of Newspaper Coverage in North Carolina,New York,and Pennsylvania

Research across several decades has mapped the way complex environmental issues with complicated policy implications are often differentially framed within the media, public, and policy agendas with major implications for how they are understood, discussed, and decided. Building on this work, this this study compared news coverage of the debate over natural gas “fracking” in New York, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina between the period 2008 and 2013. Examining state newspapers, the analysis evaluated the types of sources used, the assertions of these sources, and how the issue of fracking was framed. From a general perspective, this study reveals how differences in framing of an environmental and scientific controversy can be attributed to the locally relevant sources used in reporting, as well as the political, economic, and social factors that might be unique to a state. Specific to the debate over natural gas “fracking,” this study adds to our understanding of how such state-based factors influence the portrayal of the issue in the news media.     

Elite cues,media coverage,and public concern: an integrated path analysis of public opinion on climate change, 2001–2013

To analyze the factors affecting US public concern about the threat of climate change between January 2002 and December 2013, data from 74 separate surveys are used to construct quarterly measures of public concern over global climate change. Five factors should account for changes in levels of concern: extreme weather events, public access to accurate scientific information, media coverage, elite cues, and movement/countermovement advocacy. Structural equation modeling indicates that elite cues, movement advocacy efforts, weather, and structural economic factors influence the level of public concern about climate change. While media coverage exerts an important influence, it is itself largely a function of elite cues and economic factors. Promulgation to the public of scientific information on climate change has no effect. Information-based science advocacy has had only a minor effect on public concern, while political mobilization by elites and advocacy groups is critical in influencing climate change concern.