Heavy metals and couple fecundity, the LIFE Study

The effect of heavy metals at environmentally relevant concentrations on couple fecundity has received limited study despite ubiquitous exposure. In 2005-2009, couples (n = 501) desiring pregnancy and discontinuing contraception were recruited and asked to complete interviews and to provide blood specimens for the quantification of cadmium (μg L⁻¹), lead (μg dL⁻¹) and mercury (μg L⁻¹) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Couples completed daily journals on lifestyle and intercourse along with menstruation and pregnancy testing for women. Couples were followed for 12 months or until pregnant. Fecundability odds ratios (FORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated adjusting for age, body mass index, cotinine, and serum lipids in relation to female then male exposures. FORs <1 denote a longer time to pregnancy. In adjusted models, reduced FORs were observed for both female cadmium (0.78; 95% CI 0.63-0.97) and male lead (0.85; 95% CI 0.73-0.98) concentrations. When jointly modeling couples’ exposures, only male lead concentration significantly reduced the FOR (0.82; 95% CI 0.68, 0.97), though the FOR remained <1 for female cadmium (0.80; 95% CI 0.64, 1.00). This prospective couple based cohort with longitudinal capture of time to pregnancy is suggestive of cadmium and lead’s reproductive toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations.     

Atmospheric mercury pollution at an urban site in central Taiwan: mercury emission sources at ground level

Total gaseous mercury (Hg) (TGM), gaseous oxidized Hg (GOM), and particulate-bound Hg (PBM) concentrations and dry depositions were measured at an urban site in central Taiwan. The concentrations were 6.14 ± 3.91 ng m⁻³, 332 ± 153, and 71.1 ± 46.1 pg m⁻³, respectively. These results demonstrate high Hg pollution at the ground level in Taiwan. A back trajectory plot shows the sources of the high TGM concentration were in the low atmosphere (<500 m) and approximately 50% of the air masses coming from upper troposphere (>500 m) were associated with low TGM concentrations. This finding implies that Hg is trapped in the low atmosphere and comes from local Hg emission sources. The conditional probability function (CPF) reveals that the plumes of high TGM concentrations come from the south and northwest of the site. The plume from the south comes from two municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs). However, no significant Hg point source is located to the northwest of the site; therefore, the plumes from the northwest are hypothesized to be related to the combustion of agricultural waste. Dry deposition fluxes of Hg measured at this site considerably exceeded those measured in North America. Overall, this area is regarded as a highly Hg contaminated area because of local Hg emission sources.     

电石法聚氯乙烯生产行业的汞污染防治

结合我国电石法聚氯乙烯生产行业的发展现状,提出了采用低汞触媒替代高汞触媒以降低汞消耗、开发高效除汞器以提高脱汞效率、深度解吸废盐酸以解决汞转移问题、深度处理含汞废水以实现综合利用、优化工艺控制以降低汞触媒消耗、改善防护措施以减轻汞扩散等汞污染防治工作的要点。     

北京市大气气态汞变化特征

采用Tekran 2537X大气汞分析仪在线测量北京市城区大气中气态元素汞(GEM,简称大气汞) 浓度,研究大气汞浓度随不同气象条件的变化特征。通过分析2016年10月—2017年9月大气汞监测数据发现,该监测点全年大气汞浓度为0.48～16.25 ng/m³,均值为(3.41±1.79)ng/m³。春季、夏季、秋季和冬季大气汞浓度均值依次为2.93 、2.95、4.27、3.37 ng/m³,其中,秋季大气汞浓度明显高于其他季节 。秋季大气汞浓度显著偏高可能由不利的大气扩散条件导致。大气汞夜间浓度显著高于白天浓度。同时,将大气汞与SO₂、CO及PM_2.5进行相关性分析,发现大气汞浓度变化趋势与SO₂、CO和PM_2.5呈显著正相关。结合风向和风速进行污染来源分析,得到该点位大气汞在西南和东北方向上受人为排放源影响较大。污染源类型分析表明,冬季大气汞与CO同源性强,主要来自本地供暖用煤。     

凹土负载催化剂对模拟烟气中单质汞的吸附

采用浸渍法制备一系列Mo掺杂Mn Ox/凹土催化剂(Mo-Mn-ATP),并经负载Mo/Mn Ox后冻干-焙烧变温致孔处理。采用比表面、孔径分析仪测定催化剂的比表面积、N2吸附-脱附等温线分析和孔径分布;X射线能谱分析仪(EDS)对催化剂成分进行分析。在固定床汞吸附实验台上,进行了凹土负载催化剂脱除模拟烟气中Hg0的实验研究和理论分析。结果表明,制得的Mo/Mn摩尔比1∶3的Mo-Mn-ATP催化剂,在保持凹土原有晶体结构的基础上,随着Mo/Mn Ox负载量的增加,材料的比表面积和孔容减小。10%负载量,反应温度120℃的条件下,含Mo催化剂对Hg0的脱除性能最佳。     

重金属螯合剂TMT-15处理高含汞气田废水

选用重金属螯合剂TMT-15处理高含汞气田废水(COD=1 560 mg/L,SS=210 mg/L,pH=2.5~3.0,汞质量浓度为340 mg/L),考察了TMT-15投加量,废水pH,与氢氧化物、硫化物联用等因素对汞去除效果的影响,分析了TMT-15与汞的螯合产物的稳定性。实验结果表明:TMT-15能与汞强力螯合并沉淀,投加量低,pH适用范围广;絮凝剂聚合硫酸铝与TMT-15的联用可提高除汞效果,但作用有限;TMT-15与氢氧化物联用时的汞的去除效果提升显著,在氢氧化钠、三聚硫氰酸、汞元素的摩尔比为0.5:0.5:1和废水pH为3.0的条件下,汞去除率可达99.99%,剩余汞浓度低于GB 8978—1996中规定的汞排放浓度;螫合产物具有很高的热稳定性,且在较高浓度的酸碱环境中溶解率低,对环境造成二次污染的风险小。     

燃煤电厂汞排放分析及控制技术研究

新的《火电厂大气排放标准》的颁布实施,燃煤电厂汞的排放正式纳入控制标准。针对目前我国燃煤电厂汞排放化学形态转换、排放特征,分析和总结现有污染控制设施对汞协同控制效果,提出适合我国国情的燃煤电厂汞控制技术措施的建议及发展趋势,可有效控制燃煤电厂汞的排放量。     

改性竹活性炭去除汞离子

采用溴化钾、碘化钾和硫磺对竹活性炭掺杂改性,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定滤液中汞离子浓度,用除汞效率和吸附容量评价活性炭对溶液中汞离子的吸附性能,探讨其吸附机理。结果表明,掺杂改性明显提高了竹活性炭的除汞性能。原竹活性炭的除汞效率为78.6%,吸附容量为2.210 mg/g;经碘化钾、溴化钾和硫磺掺杂改性后的竹活性炭除汞效率分别为94.3%、93.8%和88.8%,吸附容量分别为2.830、2.813和2.663 mg/g;经溴化钾(碘化钾)和硫磺联合改性的竹活性炭对水溶液中汞离子的吸附性能性能又有提高,其中以先载硫后载溴化钾的方法除汞效果最好,除汞效率达96.6%,吸附容量为2.898 mg/g。     

松花江鱼类系污染现状研究

松花江主要工业汞源根治后,该江吉林市至三岔河口和三岔河口至同江江段总汞与甲基汞已分别降到轻、中度污染水平。各江段鱼类总汞与甲基汞污染水平均表现出：肉食性鱼类＞杂食性鱼类＞植物食性鱼类;底层鱼类＞中、上层鱼类;无鳞鱼类＞有鳞鱼类。各江段每种鱼类肌肉中甲基汞含量与总汞含量之间呈明显的正相关关系,与脲酶、乳酸脱氢酶活力之间呈明显的负相关关系。鱼类肌肉中总汞含量与江水中总汞含量之间呈明显的多元直线、多元对数和多元指数回归关系;鱼类肌肉中甲基汞含量与江水中甲基汞含量之间呈明显的多元对数回归关系。     

北京市典型地区大气可吸入颗粒物中汞的浓度水平和粒径分布

在北京市近郊和远郊区采集大气中可吸入颗粒物样品,分析其汞的浓度水平.结果表明,近郊大气可吸入颗粒物中汞的浓度高于远郊区,分别为1.28±1.30ng·m-3和0.79±0.68ng·m-3,而且冬、春两季的浓度明显高于夏、秋两季.可吸入颗粒物中的汞主要分布在细粒子中,且细粒子富集汞的能力较粗粒子强.