开封市公园灰尘重金属含量及潜在生态风险

采集河南省开封市区4个典型公园(清明上河园、龙亭公园、铁塔公园、相国寺)52个地表灰尘样品,采用原子荧光(AFS)法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定灰尘重金属含量,并用调整后的Hkanson潜在生态危害分级标准对重金属潜在生态危害进行评价。结果表明:灰尘Cd、Hg、Pb、Zn、Cu富集显著。重金属单项生态风险指数(E)顺序为HgCdPbCuNiZnCoCrMnTi,除Hg和Cd出现强烈以上生态风险外,其他重金属风险轻微。所有公园灰尘重金属潜在生态总风险(RI)均在很强等级以上,其大小依次为RI相国寺RI龙亭公园RI铁塔公园RI清明上河园。灰尘Hg和Cd对RI的平均贡献率分别为45.28%和46.77%,是最主要的风险因子。     

铁离子与其他金属离子间共效应对生化反应处理效果的影响研究

采用海绵铁填充的SBR反应器,以模拟生活污水为处理对象,通过实验研究外加Mg2＋、Mn2＋、Cu2＋、Zn2＋和Al3＋等金属离子对生物海绵铁体系去除污水中COD、NH3－N、TP等效果的影响。结果表明,低浓度的Mg2＋、Al3＋对生物海绵铁体系对COD、NH3－N、TP的去除效率一直保持在一个稳定的、较良好的水平;Zn2＋对体系去除NH3－N及低浓度的Mn2＋对体系对TP的去除都存在时间－浓度累积效应;Cu2＋对生物海绵铁体系对COD、NH3－N特别是对TP的去除有很强的抑制作用。     

磁化率对城郊耕地土壤重金属污染的指示研究——以许昌市为例

为探讨磁化率对土壤重金属污染的指示作用,利用磁化率仪和X射线荧光光谱仪对许昌市的城郊耕地土壤样品磁化率和重金属含量进行定量分析。结果显示,许昌城郊耕地土壤磁化率为35×10~(-8)~126×10~(-8)m~3/kg,平均值为94×10~(-8)m~3/kg,频率磁化率变化范围在4.7%~11.6%之间,平均值为7.9%。土壤中Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr含量分别为18.35~53.29、18.66~43.86、55.88~169.81和60.28~82.13μg/g,平均值分别超过背景值1.31、1.23、1.41、1.11倍。磁化率与Pb和Cu呈显著正相关,与Zn和Cr相关性不显著,表明磁化率可以指示Pb和Cu含量。土壤的污染负荷指数为0.95~2.03,平均值为1.24,表明许昌城郊耕地土壤重金属污染主要为中度污染水平,土壤磁化率与重金属污染负荷指数呈显著正相关,磁化率可以指示土壤重金属污染水平。     

岷江下游五通桥段小型集水区大气降水中pH值对重金属含量的影响

为了解岷江下游大气降水中pH值及其重金属含量特征及污染状况,以五通桥段小型集水区为研究对象,分析了年降雨量、降水pH值和降水中的重金属含量季节变化,探讨了pH值与重金属之间的关系,并利用相关分析和聚类分析对大气降水中重金属来源进行了初步解析.结果表明:五通桥集水区年总降雨量为1199.42 mm,pH平均值为5.37,年降雨中42.86%为酸雨,3.57%为重酸性雨,10.71%为碱雨,且夏、春季比秋、冬两季略高.重金属As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn平均含量分别为10.33、5.75、14.68、53.15、922.37μg·L-1,其中,As和Cu含量低于地表水环境质量Ⅲ类标准.5种重金属含量在冬季明显高于夏季,春季含量略高于秋季,与大气降水pH值存在显著的负相关关系,在pH为3.8左右时各重金属含量最高,其中,As和Cd在pH 5.5左右、Cu和Pb在pH从5.5到6.0的过程中含量增加,达到次高值.5种重金属在降雨pH值大于7时含量最低.聚类分析结果表明,研究区大气中As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn主要来源于燃煤、汽车尾气、工业污染、矿石开采和钢铁生产.     

梁子湖沉积物重金属污染现状分析及风险评价

采集了梁子湖柱状沉积物,分析了Cd、Sn、As、Cu、V、Zn、Ni、Cr、Co、TI、Pb和Mo 12种重金属元素的含量及空间分布,并对其污染源进行解析,最后对重金属的生态风险作出评价.结果表明,在空间分布上,东部湖区存在严重的重金属污染问题,其中,Cd的平均含量达到0.80 mg·kg~(-1),是湖北省土壤背景值的4.66倍;Sn和As平均含量分别为6.35 mg·kg~(-1)和35 mg·kg~(-1),已经超过湖北省土壤背景值近2倍;在垂直分布上,Cd和Zn在0~20 cm深度上富集现象明显,平均含量分别为0.67 mg·kg~(-1)和116 mg·kg~(-1).富集系数EF值表明,Cd、Sn、As主要来自人为污染.单一重金属潜在生态风险指数Eri值范围在3~140之间,以Cd污染最严重,Eri平均值为140,表现为较重生态风险,其他11种元素均为低等生态风险水平.综合生态风险指数RI值显示,梁子湖整体处于中度污染水平,其中,东部湖区风险程度最大.梁子湖作为武汉市备用水源地,沉积物重金属Cd、Sn、As含量过高将威胁湖水质量,危及水生态安全和人体健康.     

Effect of copper and cadmium on carbon assimilation and uptake of metals by algae

Two species of blue green algae Spirulina platensis and Anacystis nidulans grown in artificial aqueous media were treated with Cu and Cd in concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 ppm to study carbon assimilation and Chlorophyll (Chl) A content. The species were treated with concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 ppm to study the uptake of metals with exposure time. Carbon assimilation and Chl A content showed responses proportional to the concentration in the general form y = K + n ln C, where C is the concentration of metal in ppm, while in case of uptake the relation was y = KC”; (where C is the molar concentration x 10^‐6 of the metal). The n values in case of uptake was found to be < 1 indicating a non‐Langmuir type of sorption. The concentration factors of metals decreased with metal concentration in the medium.     

在用吊运熔融金属起重机主起升钢丝绳缠绕系统的优化研究

结合最新的相关安全规程要求,通过对在用吊运熔融金属起重机钢丝绳缠绕系统的分析、研究,依据起重机械设计规范,对不同工况下钢丝绳缠绕系统分别提出两套优化方案,并通过实际应用情况验证优化方案的可行性。     

Species of Trace Metals,Organic Residues and Humic Substances in Sediments From the Taiwan Erhjin River and Coastal Areas

Abstract

Total organic carbon, humic substances, and the species of trace metals (including Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn and Fe) in six and seven phases, such as bioexchangeable (P1), skeletal (carbonates, P2), easily reducible (Fe and Mn oxides, P3), moderately reducible (crystalline Mn oxides, P4), organic matters with sulphides (P5), and detritus with minerals (P6) as well as organic with humic substances (PB4) and organic residues (PB6), were analyzed in sediments from the Taiwan Erhjin coastal (including river and estuarine) area, where places we found the copper pollution. Results indicate that higher percentages of P1 and P2 for copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and manganese in samples collected in March and September of 1990 were much higher than those in P3-P6. High percentages of chromium and iron in samples respectively collected in March and September of 1990 were found in P6. for the seven phase analysis, higher percentages of copper species in PB4 and PB6 as well as iron species in PB7 were observed. On the other hand, purified humic acid with the high contents of manganese and iron in humic acid as well as purified fulvic acids were generally found at the upstream stations; and low values at coastal stations. However, extremely high copper (as high as 1750μg g^?1, dry weight in fulvic acid and 820μg g^?1 in humic acid) and lead (821μg g^?1 in humic acid) concentrations with relatively high manganese and iron concentrations were observed in humic substances from the station near the copper recycling area. Comparing the results obtained from the Antarctic Ocean sediments with those from the Taiwan Erhjin Chi coastal sediments, the human impacts on the latter are evaluated.     

火焰原子吸收法测定弥勒县磷电、焦化行业废水中铜、铅、锌含量

为防止重金属的污染和危害,通过测定数据,摸清弥勒县磷电、焦化行业铜、铅、锌的浓度范围,为弥勒县防治铜、铅、锌污染提供依据。     

Species of Trace Metals, Organic Residues and Humic Substances in Sediments From the Taiwan Erhjin River and Coastal Areas

Total organic carbon, humic substances, and the species of trace metals (including Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn and Fe) in six and seven phases, such as bioexchangeable (P1), skeletal (carbonates, P2), easily reducible (Fe and Mn oxides, P3), moderately reducible (crystalline Mn oxides, P4), organic matters with sulphides (P5), and detritus with minerals (P6) as well as organic with humic substances (PB4) and organic residues (PB6), were analyzed in sediments from the Taiwan Erhjin coastal (including river and estuarine) area, where places we found the copper pollution. Results indicate that higher percentages of P1 and P2 for copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and manganese in samples collected in March and September of 1990 were much higher than those in P3-P6. High percentages of chromium and iron in samples respectively collected in March and September of 1990 were found in P6. for the seven phase analysis, higher percentages of copper species in PB4 and PB6 as well as iron species in PB7 were observed. On the other hand, purified humic acid with the high contents of manganese and iron in humic acid as well as purified fulvic acids were generally found at the upstream stations; and low values at coastal stations. However, extremely high copper (as high as 1750μg g^-1, dry weight in fulvic acid and 820μg g^-1 in humic acid) and lead (821μg g^-1 in humic acid) concentrations with relatively high manganese and iron concentrations were observed in humic substances from the station near the copper recycling area. Comparing the results obtained from the Antarctic Ocean sediments with those from the Taiwan Erhjin Chi coastal sediments, the human impacts on the latter are evaluated.