生活垃圾渗滤液对厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷活性的影响研究

通过厌氧毒性实验、恢复实验和特征毒性模拟实验,研究了生活垃圾渗滤液对厌氧颗粒污泥微生物产甲烷活性的影响。结果表明,1 000 mg/L氨氮浓度下产甲烷活性均大于85%,说明相应氨氮浓度范围,垃圾渗滤液基质对厌氧颗粒污泥的微生物没有明显抑制作用。恢复实验后活性得到完全恢复,属代谢毒性。模拟废水氨氮浓度大于1 000 mg/L浓度时,开始出现抑制;氨氮浓度大于3 000 mg/L时,有明显抑制,产甲烷活性下降32.1%;相同氨氮浓度下,渗滤液最大活性区间滞后于模拟废水,产甲烷活性也小于模拟废水,存在除氨氮以外的毒性物质的影响。     

垃圾填埋场生物覆盖材料筛选及甲烷减排

通过模拟柱实验研究了消化污泥、矿化垃圾和黏土作为垃圾填埋场生物覆盖材料的甲烷氧化能力。3种材料的甲烷日氧化率平均值、总氧化率和氧化速率V(CH4)分别是:消化污泥10.27%、75.82%、1.76 mmol/(kg·d);矿化垃圾11.05%、75.61%、2.04 mmol/(kg·d);黏土9.05%、68.15%、1.33 mmol/(kg·d),消化污泥和矿化垃圾对甲烷的氧化能力均大于黏土。进一步探讨了消化污泥中添加粉煤灰、建筑垃圾和黏土进行改性后对甲烷的氧化能力,考察了改性污泥的渗透系数和抗压强度。结果表明:粉煤灰对消化污泥的改性效果最好,其日氧化率平均值、总氧化率和V(CH4)分别达到17.27%、92.37%和2.35 mmol/(kg·d),粉煤灰与消化污泥以1∶1～1.5∶1混配后可满足填埋场对覆盖材料渗透系数和抗压强度的要求。     

稻田甲烷排放的研究进展

稻田是甲烷的重要排放源之一。文章对稻田甲烷的最新研究进展作了较为详尽的综述,包括稻田甲烷排放的机理、规律;重点分析了影响稻田甲烷排放的因素以及控制稻田甲烷排放的措施。最后指出了今后的研究重点应以现有的田间数据为基础,建立稻田温室气体排放的综合模型,预测稻田温室气体排放变化。     

厨余有机垃圾产沼量的条件分析研究

生活垃圾中厨余有机垃圾经厌氧发酵处理,可回收沼气,使其达到无害化、资源化。通过采用L(934)正交试验法,对厌氧发酵的主要影响条件如发酵温度、厨余种类、C/N、C/P进行分析,得出其各影响因子对产气量影响的主次关系以及最佳控制条件,即:温度>C/N>厨余种类>C/P,最佳控制条件:A2B3C1D3,即:种类是泔水,温度为29.0～36.0℃,C/N为20～25:1,C/P为95～105:1。在该条件下25g泔水的产沼量为452.84mL。     

城市生活有机垃圾各组分的厌氧消化产甲烷能力

通过生化产甲烷能力(BMP)测定实验确定了葡萄糖、大米、蔬菜、纸张、动物油、植物油和瘦肉等7种城市生活有机垃圾(BOFMSW)组分的生化产甲烷能力,并研究了抑制动物油、植物油和瘦肉厌氧消化过程的影响因素.实验结果表明,葡萄糖、大米、蔬菜和纸张在发酵过程中没有消化抑制发生,4种原料的生化产甲烷能力分别为241、210、147和244mL·g-1,相应地占理论产甲烷能力的64.5%、56.3%、32.6%和67.9%.瘦肉的厌氧消化过程停止产气后,消化液的总挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)浓度为15800mg·L-1,其中丙酸浓度为2509mg·L-1;消化液中氨氮浓度为13892mg.L-1;较高的VFAs和氨氮浓度共同作用形成消化过程的"抑制型稳态",抑制了产甲烷菌的产甲烷代谢,导致酸化率较高而生物气转化率却很低.猪油和花生油等脂类原料的厌氧消化,由于水解和酸化细菌受到长链脂肪酸(LCFAs)的抑制而影响了原料的降解和酸化,酸化率仅分别为11.5%和10.O%.     

粉煤灰强化低浓度异波折板厌氧反应器的功效

在接种污泥中加入粉煤灰,旨在强化低浓度改进型折流板厌氧反应器(异波折板厌氧反应器)的功效.研究结果表明,在粉煤灰强化作用下,可大大缩短装置的启动时间,连续运行50d即可启动成功.此时加入不同粒径(大于83μm、20～83μm,小于20μm)粉煤灰的,COD的平均去除率分别为74.31%、77.52%、72.81%,TP平均去除率分别为32.87%、34.07%、30.92%,最大比甲烷生产率分别为2.21、2.33、2.04mL·g-1·h-1.短HRT运行条件下的对比研究结果表明,强化厌氧反应装置最佳功效的粉煤灰粒径为20～83μm.基于试验分析结果,阐明了粉煤灰强化异波折板厌氧反应装置功效的机理,并解释了20～83μm粒径的粉煤灰强化效果最佳的原因.     

Microclimate effects of wind farms on local crop yields

This paper considers a novel spillover effect of wind farms - microclimate impacts on neighboring crop yields. Using US county-level crop and wind capacity data, I examine the effects of wind energy development on crop yields, controlling for time-invariant county characteristics and state-level annual shocks. I find robust evidence that counties with increased wind power development have also experienced increased corn and other crop yields, such that an additional 100 MW of wind capacity increases county yields by roughly 1%. At recent prices, this implies a more than $5 dollar per megawatt-hour local benefit, corresponding to several hundred million dollars in annual benefits.     

煤矿巷道中低浓度甲烷微生物降解效能实验研究

为了研究煤矿低浓度甲烷微生物降解效能,富集、纯化分离并初步鉴定出可以甲烷作为唯一碳源的高效降解甲烷的好氧型微生物。生理生化实验表明,该菌符合甲烷氧化菌的典型特征。自主设计了模拟巷道中低浓度甲烷微生物降解实验分析系统。实验结果表明,在风速为0.5~1.0 m/s,甲烷体积分数为1%~5%范围内,随着甲烷体积分数的增加,甲烷的降解效果越明显,然而风速越大越不利于甲烷的降解,经过50 min的降解,甲烷体积分数由最高的5%最低降至1.43%;二氧化碳体积分数可由初始的0.031%最大升高到0.075%。实验还发现消耗的甲烷和生成的二氧化碳并非符合1∶1的比例。     

超细Ce0.5Zr0.5O2的制备及其催化甲烷燃烧性能研究

以共沉淀法制备Ｃｅ－Ｚｒ－Ｏ固溶体,在液相反应阶段、干燥阶段和灼烧阶段分别采取快速喷射和加入表面活性剂、正丁醇共沸蒸脱水以及选择适当灼烧温度等手段控制团聚体的生成,制得超细颗粒Ｃｅ０．５Ｚｒ０．５Ｏ２固溶体。     

Comparison effect of feedstock to inoculum ratios on biogas yields of cafeteria,vegetable, fruit wastes with cattle manure using co-digestion process

Cafeteria, vegetable, fruit, and cattle manure are available year around at low cost and have the potential to complement each other for anaerobic digestion (AD). The objectives of this study were to determine the preferred mixing ratios and effects of feedstock to inoculum ratios for the optimal biogas production. The mesophilic digestion tests were performed with five mixing ratios of CW, VW, FW with CM and five feedstock to inoculum (F/I) ratios using batch anaerobic digesters. Co-digestion of CW, VW, FW with CM was carried out at F/I ratios of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0. The results showed that the F/I ratio significantly affected the biogas production rate. Increasing the CW, VW, FW in the CM resulted in an increased methane yield by decreasing the F/I ratios in the reactors from 5.0 to 1.0. The highest biogas yields of 591.3, 432.9, and 450.6 L/kg VS_feed were obtained with CW/CM (50:50), VW/CM (25:75), and FW/CM (25:75) ratios, respectively. At five F/Is tested, after 45 days of AD, the total biogas yields were determined to be 629.74, 552.64, 501.87, 464.66, and 396.04 L and 496.93, 460.02, 420.5, 398.14, and 336.20 L, and 455.03, 382.81, 349.78, 340.95, and 298.53 L, respectively. However, the highest average CH₄ contents obtained at an F/I of 1.0 were 62.14%, 60.72%, and 61.08% that are 5.87%, 9.47%, and 10.17% higher than those obtained at F/I ratio of 5.0 for CW/CM (50:50), VW/CM (25:75), and FW/CM (25:75), respectively.