Knudsen cell and smog chamber study of the heterogeneous uptake of sulfur dioxide on Chinese mineral dust

The heterogeneous uptake processes of sulfur dioxide on two types of Chinese mineral dust（Inner Mongolia desert dust and Xinjiang sierozem） were investigated using both Knudsen cell and smog chamber system. The temperature dependence of the uptake coefficients was studied over a range from 253 to 313 K using the Knudsen cell reactor, the initial uptake coefficients decreased with the increasing of temperature for these two mineral dust samples, whereas the steady state uptake coefficients of the Xinjiang sierozem increased with the temperature increasing, and these temperature dependence functions were obtained for the first time. In the smog chamber experiments at room temperature, the steady state uptake coefficients of SO2 decreased evidently with the increasing of sulfur dioxide initial concentration from 1.72 × 1012 to 6.15 × 1012mol/cm3. Humid air had effect on the steady state uptake coefficients of SO2 onto Inner Mongolia desert dust.Consequences about the understanding of the uptake processes onto mineral dust samples and the environmental implication were also discussed.     

城市区域近地表灰尘及重金属沉降垂向季节变化

随着城市高层建筑的出现,人类日常生活的垂向空间范围逐渐向上延伸,近地表灰尘及重金属沉降垂向分布的季节特征值得关注.本研究分别在春、夏、秋、冬四季采集贵阳市某生活-文教区近地表不同空间高度平台上的灰尘样品,分析灰尘沉降通量及灰尘中Ca、Fe、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn含量,探讨灰尘沉降通量及元素含量随空间高度的变化,揭示区域近地表灰尘及重金属沉降垂向分布的季节变化特征.结果表明,空间高度灰尘沉降通量季节变化总体上表现为冬季灰尘沉降通量最大,春季次之,夏季最低;冬季灰尘沉降通量沿垂向空间高度的分布差异最大,其次是夏季,春秋两季灰尘沉降通量垂向空间差异较小;季节变化对低层空间平台灰尘沉降通量影响大于高层空间;春季灰尘中元素含量最高,秋季灰尘重元素含量相对较低;元素含量随时空变化最大的是Zn,变化较小的是Ca.冬、春季节大气逆温层可能是灰尘沉降量和Pb、Zn等元素含量升高的原因之一.     

结合激光雷达分析2014年春季南京地区一次大气污染过程

利用环境监测数据、气象数据以及数值模拟结果,结合激光雷达数据反演的气溶胶消光系数,分析了2014年5月26日至6月1日南京地区一次典型的大气污染过程.本次污染过程受到外源性沙尘和烟尘输入以及本地污染排放叠加影响.气象因素对污染物的生消起到了重要作用,低压、逆温等因素阻碍污染物扩散,最终强降雨的出现使本次污染过程终结.整个污染过程中大气边界层高度偏低且变化不大,大气形势稳定,污染物扩散困难.激光雷达可以有效探测气溶胶的垂直分层结构,能直观准确地反映出污染物的分布聚集情况以及时空变化,对大气污染监测具有重要意义.     

电收尘极板上沉积尘的附着力与振打加速度

振打清灰是保证静电除尘器正常运行的一个重要环节.为确定振打加速度,基于Penney和Klingler理论,认为带电粉尘层对收尘极板的附着力主要是外电场力和附加电场力共同作用的结果.附加电场是由于电晕电流通过沉积在收尘极板上的粉尘层产生电荷积累而形成的.应用静电学理论导出粉尘层内电场分布与带电粉尘层厚度的平方成正比.通过建立荷电粉尘层对收尘极板附着力的微分方程,由牛顿第二定律得出振打加速度的理论计算式.研究结果表明,振打加速度是电晕电流面密度和粉尘比电阻乘积ρ×J的函数,且与粉尘粒径成反比.参考已发表的实验数据和理论结果发现,在外加电压保持不变的情况下,电晕电流面密度和粉尘比电阻的乘积ρ×J=常数,此时,振打加速度与ρ×J无关.从这一新观点出发,根据Oglesby提供的粉尘层击穿前的电晕电流和粉尘比电阻的相关曲线,得出临界振打加速度计算式.由此计算式给出了一种确定临界振打加速度的简易图解法.     

燃煤锅炉NID脱硫系统的设计与应用

介绍了新型一体化NID半干法脱硫系统的工艺原理、NID技术特点、系统组成、设计参数和运行情况.     

甲烷煤尘耦合爆炸传播特性及伤害研究

为探究煤尘质量浓度对甲烷煤尘耦合爆炸传播特性及伤害距离的影响,自制长15 m的爆炸管道系统,用体积分数为7％甲烷分别与质量浓度为0、50、100和200 g/m3的煤尘进行耦合爆炸试验,并根据质量、动量和能量守恒理论推导出最大压力计算公式.结果 表明:不同质量浓度煤尘与甲烷耦合爆炸时,最大压力均随与爆源距离的增加呈现出...     

Recent trends in rock dust modifications for improved dispersion and coal dust explosion mitigation

Underground coal mine explosions is perhaps the most hazardous danger in the coal mining industries. Efforts have been made to abate the coal dust explosion by applying rock dust either dry or wet. Dry dust has the best lift characteristic which efficiently quenches the flame propagation of a potential explosion. As a trade-off, undesired respirable dust particles are thereby generated imposing a severe health hazard on coal miners. Wet dusting is an alternative to dry dusting which significantly reduces the exposure to respirable dust particles. However, wet dust is subject to adverse caking issues which lead to a drastic reduction in the dispersibility of the particles. The present work summarizes the studies conducted to date regarding the surface modification of rock dust particles for the purpose of eliminating or alleviating the problems accompanying coal mine dusting applications, meanwhile improving the dispersive properties of dust particles and the ability to suppress the coal dust explosion.     

水泥粉尘的比电阻及其测量之二

水泥粉尘经分级，并经吸湿和吸油处理，对所得尘样分别测定比电阻，从而找出湿度等对比电阻的变化规律、分析其产生原因，为改进和合理使用电除尘器提供依据。     

利用声凝聚机理提高喷雾降尘效果的研究

本文论述了利用声凝聚机理提高喷雾降尘效果,特别是对呼吸尘的降尘效果的研究过程。由该机理建立了声波频率和声强与降尘效果之间的数学模型。在此数学模型的基础上,开展了对声波发生器和声学喷嘴的研究。实验及使用结果表明,声学喷嘴可以显著提高对呼吸尘的降尘效果。     

Atmospheric Loadings,Concentrations and Visibility Associated with Sandstorms: Satellite and Meteorological Analysis

This Korea-China study monitored the phenomena of sandstorms and significant dustfall (SD) from 1997 to 2000. The analysis of our data included ground measurements of dust concentration, visibility, satellite imagery, aircraft and lidar observations. In addition, an estimation of atmospheric loadings and a studyon the relationship between dust concentrations and visibilitywere carried out. The movement and invasion of dust clouds toKorea were clearly identified with meteorological and satellitedata. The increasing concentrations of TSP and PM₁₀ concurredwell with the satellite information. From case studies, weestimated that atmospheric loadings of a dust cloud were over 1million ton and that the deposition over the Korean Peninsulawas in the range from 46 000 to 86 000 tons. For SD withvisibility of 3 km, we predict TSP 659 g m^-3 and PM₁₀ 493 g m^-3. We recommend the issuance of an SD Watch(advisory) and an SD Warning for the general public.