SCR蜂窝式脱硝催化剂抗磨损性能研究

利用自制抗磨损性能模拟试验装置对SCR蜂窝式催化剂进行了抗磨损性能的试验研究。结果表明,催化剂的磨损强度主要受空速和磨损剂浓度的影响,尤其以空速影响较大。随着催化剂孔数的增加,催化剂磨损强度和抗磨损性能提高。     

Per- and polyfluorinated compounds in house dust and indoor air from northern Norway - a pilot study

Polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are an extremely versatile class of compounds and are used in a variety of consumer applications and products. Recent studies have suggested that PFCs in indoor air and dust could act as sources of human exposure and outdoor air contamination. This study presents method development and analysis of a wide range of PFCs in dust and air using active sampling techniques with commercially available sampling equipment (forensic nozzles with filter housings for dust collection and polyurethane foam (PUF)-XAD₂-PUF sandwich-tubes for air sampling) using both liquid and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The developed method was validated and tested for applicability to analyze dust and air samples at both low and high concentrations (0.5 ng and 25 ng per analyte per air sample, respectively). Samples from private households and an office building were analyzed to explore differences in distribution patterns and concentrations. Perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorodecane sulfonate, perfluoroheptanoate, perfluorooctanoate and perfluorononanoate were observed in all samples of dust from private households, in the range from 1 to 80.1 ng g⁻¹. Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) were the predominant PFCs in indoor air samples with ∑FTOHs ranging between 4.7 and 17.9 ng m⁻³. The concentrations found in the present study are generally lower than those previously reported. This variation may be due to differences associated with geographical locations and lifestyles. However, use of different sampling techniques and strategies among studies can introduce large variations in PFC concentration found, making direct comparisons challenging.     

Evaluation of surface runoff and road dust as sources of nitrogen using nitrate isotopic composition

Stable nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of nitrate (δ¹⁵N-NO₃ and δ¹⁸O-NO₃) have recently been used to identify nitrogen sources in water environments. However, there have been no investigations designed to determine nitrate isotopes in non-point sources in urban areas for evaluating the impact of surface deposits on nitrogen in surface runoff. In this study, we collected rainwater, surface runoff and surface deposits (road dust, roof dust and soil) to evaluate the nitrogen sources in surface runoff using nitrate isotopes. There were no large differences in δ¹⁵N-NO₃ among rainwater (−0.3‰ to 1.5‰), surface runoff (−2.7‰ to 0.4‰), leachates from road dust (−5.8‰ to 6.2‰) and soil (−11.5‰ to 0.6‰). In contrast, the δ¹⁸O-NO₃ in surface runoff (28.5-47.9‰) was lower than that in rainwater (62.7-78.6‰), and higher than that in leachates from road dust (6.1-27.6‰) and soil (−1.1‰ to 6.6‰). δ¹⁸O-NO₃ is a useful indicator for evaluating the NO₃-N sources in surface runoff. Using this indicator, NO₃-N from road dust was estimated to account for more than half of the NO₃-N in surface runoff. This is consistent with a result based on a comparison of their loads per unit surface between rainwater and surface runoff, which also showed that most of the nitrogen in surface runoff was derived from surface deposits.     

电除尘器斜气流状态下粉尘沉降试验研究

针对电除尘器在实际运行过程中出现的除尘效率下降问题,提出斜气流这一新型技术,对均匀气流与斜气流分布状态进行可视化研究;在两种气流状态下进行粉尘沉降试验,对试验结果进行对比分析、总结相应规律;对我国电除尘器气流技术的发展提出了建议。     

半干法烟气脱硫袋式除尘器设计初探

介绍了半干法烟气脱硫工艺及脱硫后烟尘的特点,针对半干法脱硫后烟尘的特点,袋式除尘器设计时采取了一系列的技术措施,从而保证了脱硫系统的正常运行。     

电石炉烟气除尘系统设计探讨与实践

介绍了电石炉的生产工艺和除尘系统的工艺特点,以及电石炉除尘系统设计前和实际工程设计中需要注意的一些问题。     

袋式除尘器运行中常见问题浅析

已广泛应用于各行业中的袋式除尘器在运行中存在如滤袋损坏、结露、箱体破损、运行阻力高、清灰装置失灵等诸多问题,本文就袋式除尘器在实际运行中存在的问题进行了详细的分析讨论。     

不同粒度铝粉在水平管道内的爆炸压力测定

利用自制的水平管道式气体-粉尘爆炸试验装置对不同粒度铝粉的爆炸压力进行测试。结果表明,爆炸压力及爆炸压力上升速率都随着铝粉粒度的减小而增大,粒度为6～8μm,9～12μm,15～17μm铝粉的平均最大爆炸压力分别为0.63 MPa,0.56 MPa,0.45 MPa,爆炸压力上升速率分别为47.2MPa/s,38.1MPa/s,30.2MPa/s。铝粉粒度越小,在相同时刻铝粉参与反应的时间越提前。在水平管道内,测试结果受点火延迟时间及测试装置尺寸的影响较大。     

城市土壤和地表灰尘重金属污染研究进展与展望

随着城市化和工业化的不断推进,城市土壤和地表灰尘重金属污染日趋严重,对城市环境和人类健康构成威胁,已成为国内外城市环境研究的热点问题.从重金属污染水平及其时空特征、污染源解析方法、生态和健康风险这3个主要方面,对国内外城市土壤和地表灰尘重金属研究成果进行了梳理和归纳.分析了当前研究存在的不足,并对未来研究进行了展望,即研究土壤和地表灰尘重金属在不同条件下的相互影响机制,通过丰富验证方法加强重金属来源解析模型结果的可靠性研究,加强来源驱动下重金属化学形态差异和地表灰尘短期累积污染过程的研究,完善暴露参数并深入探究重金属的化学形态对其生态和健康风险的影响,以提高风险预测水平.     

我国北方沙尘暴与植被覆盖度关系研究

利用NOAA/AVHRR和旬归一化植被指数NDVI数据,计算了1983-2000年中国北方13省市区的植被覆盖度,分析了这些地区植被覆盖度的时间变化趋势和空间分布规律,研究了中国北方沙尘暴与植被覆盖度之间的关系。结果表明:我国北方沙尘灾害频次与植被覆盖度有很好的对应关系,1983-2000年的18年间,我国北方大部分地区植被覆盖度增加,这段时期沙尘灾害频次总体呈降低趋势,其中20世纪80年代我国北方大部分地区植被覆盖度增加,这一时期我国北方沙尘暴发生频数下降;20世纪90年代,我国北方大部分区域植被覆盖度呈下降趋势,特别是华北和西北干旱与半干旱地区,下降趋势显著,这一时期我国北方沙尘暴发生频数在减少中有回升趋势。研究结果表明,植被覆盖度是影响中国北方沙尘暴频次变化的重要因素。