碳钢在高温高盐矿井水中腐蚀与缓蚀性能的试验研究

为了解决高温高盐矿井水对碳钢管道和设备腐蚀问题,进行了缓蚀挂片试验,研究适应该类水质的缓蚀剂种类和最佳投加量。试验结果表明：软化剂氢氧化钙和碳酸钠对碳钢均有一定缓蚀效果．其平均缓蚀率分别为17．33％、57．46％。因此药剂软化过程同时达到防腐效果有限：单独投加缓蚀剂HEDP的缓蚀效果明显,其静态缓蚀率82．46％以上,动态缓蚀率76．45％：复合配方缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果最好,最佳配方为“有机膦酸一聚环氧琥珀酸一锌盐”或“有机膦酸一磺酸基团多元共聚物一锌盐”,在投加量80mg／L时动态缓蚀率接近90％。     

榆神矿区矿井水零排放可行性分析

针对榆神矿区给排水现状,分析矿区给排水关系和矿井水的利用途径,并提出矿井水零排放的技术、管理对策,达到减少新水索取,实现零排放.     

CALPUFF模型在某露天煤矿煤尘模拟中的应用

煤炭露天开采是我国煤炭生产的主要方法,为了验证CALPUFF模型在露天开采中,对煤尘浓度的模拟情况,本文耦合使用MM5/CALMET及CALPUFF软件,对某露天煤矿煤尘浓度进行模拟,并与监测值进行对比分析,发现监测值和模拟值的相关系数最高可达0.88,说明模拟值具有较高可信度.     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌对黄铜矿的生物氧化研究

针对矿区硫化矿氧化产生的酸性矿山废水(AMD)对生态环境造成严重影响的问题,以矿区常见的黄铜矿(CuFeS2)为研究对象,采用已筛选的氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,简称A.f菌)为实验菌株,探讨在A.f菌作用下黄铜矿的氧化过程。实验结果表明,A.f菌可显著促进黄铜矿的氧化,第18天有菌体系中的铜离子浓度是无菌体系中的5倍;同时细菌可促进溶液中Fe2+氧化为Fe3+,使氧化还原电位升高,从而对黄铜矿保持较高的氧化速率,并导致体系的pH值降低;还发现黄铜矿的氧化过程中可形成中间产物方黄铜矿(CuFe2S3),而细菌氧化还可产生硫磷化钴(CoPS),中间产物的形成并没有明显延缓黄铜矿的氧化速率;生物氧化可造成矿样表面侵蚀多坑,可能是细菌对黄铜矿的直接氧化作用造成的。由于黄铜矿的生物氧化明显控制其氧化进程,抑制黄铜矿的生物氧化对酸性矿山废水的源头治理具有十分重要的意义。     

兴仁高砷煤矿区溪流水系环境中砷自然净化的初步研究

为了解矿山环境中砷的自然净化能力及其净化机制,对兴仁典型高砷煤矿区溪流水系环境进行采样分析。结果表明,研究区水体和沉积物中砷含量从上游到下游均呈不断降低的变化趋势,水体显示较强的自净能力。上游水体中砷含量的降低主要是吸附沉淀作用,而溪流的简单稀释作用在下游也显得非常重要。     

昌吉硫磺沟矿区地表沉陷区的土地整治与生态恢复

针对昌吉市硫磺沟矿区煤矿开采引起的地表沉陷及其对矿区地表及环境破坏的影响,以减轻地表沉陷危害程度、恢复矿区所在地的生态功能为目标,按照采矿区塌陷类型、塌陷坑大小及塌陷区地理环境,采用不同的土地整治与生态恢复措施,在防治和控制矿区地表沉陷引起的生态破坏及生态环境保护方面取得很好的成果与经验.     

New metallothionein assay in Scrobicularia plana: heating effect and correlation with other biomarkers

Metallothionein (MT) and other biomarker levels were measured in Scrobicularia plana clams to assess pollution of the Guadalquivir Estuary possibly affected by metals released from Aznalcóllar pyrite mine in 1998. After optimizing reagent concentrations for monobromobimane derivatization, MT levels were quantified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection (RP-HPLC-FD) in heated or unheated digestive gland extracts and compared to those obtained by differential pulse polarography (DPP). MT content assayed by RP-HPLC-FD in unheated samples was higher than that obtained by DPP and correlated better with metals and anti-oxidant activities. MT assay by RP-HPLC-FD in unheated extracts would be preferable for assessing metal pollution, due to its greater sensitivity and specificity. In addition to MT induction, glyoxalase II inhibition was well correlated with metal contents. Our results suggest that metals at the estuary do not originate from Aznalcóllar spill, but from those carried along by the river and deposited at its concave bank.     

废矿堆中黄铁矿氧化控制新技术--有机盐包膜法

于３０℃时研究了有机盐包膜对湿润和干燥条件下经接氧化亚铁矿杆菌的黄铁矿氧化的控制作用,湿润下经有机盐包膜的矿石样品的氧化程度与对照相比下降了９７．８％;直接添加有机盐的下降了９６．４％,两种淋洗收集液中有关元素的浓度经ＩＣＰ测定明显低于对照。干燥下微生物未能发挥对黄铁矿的氧化作用,但经包膜后的样品与对照相比,氧化程度又下降了７５．２％,这些结果表明,有机盐包膜既有明显的抑制黄铁矿的化学氧化作用,又     

铅锌尾矿废弃地的化学性质研究

凡口铅锌尾矿废弃地的不同区位及不同深度的尾矿中铅锌含量存在着较大的差异 ,总锌为 70 3～ 19657mg/ kg、总铅 10 4 13～ 94 988mg/ kg。正常尾矿中 ,有效态锌含量达到 151.6～ 84 1.7mg/ kg,有效态铅含量很低 ( 0 .75～ 2 .50 mg/ kg) ,有机质、总氮、有效磷及速效钾等营养物质缺乏。当尾矿酸化后 ,p H降低 ,有效态 Pb、Zn含量升高 ,有效锌达到 175.8～ 2 82 8.0 mg/ kg,有效铅含量最高为 10 0 .0 mg/kg,而有机质、总氮和有效磷为零 ,使尾矿更加贫瘠。在尾矿库的边缘区位和尾矿表面的覆盖土壤区位 ,基质中营养物质含量增加 ,但是营养状况的改善又引起了有效态的 Pb、Zn含量升高。     

Preliminary studies on potential remediation of acid mine drainage‐impacted soils by amendment with drinking‐water treatment residuals

Mining operations result in a wide range of environmental impacts: acid mine drainage (AMD) and acid sulfate soils being among the most common. Due to their acidic pH and high soluble metal concentrations, both AMD and acid sulfate soils can severely damage the local ecosystems. Proper post‐mining management practices are necessary to control AMD‐related environmental issues. Current AMD‐impacted soil treatment technologies are rather expensive and typically not environmentally sustainable. We conducted a 60‐day bench‐scale study to evaluate the potential of a cost‐effective and environment‐friendly technology in treating AMD‐impacted soils. The metal binding and acid‐neutralizing capacity of an industrial by‐product, drinking water treatment residuals (WTRs) were used for AMD remediation. Two types of locally generated WTRs, an aluminum‐based WTR (Al‐WTR) and a lime‐based WTR (Ca‐WTR) were used. Highly acidic AMD‐impacted soil containing very high concentrations of metals and metalloids, such as iron, nickel, and arsenic, was collected from the Tab‐Simco coal mine in Carbondale, Illinois. Soil amendment using a 1:1 Al‐ and Ca‐WTR mix, applied at 5 and 10 percent rates significantly lowered the soluble and exchangeable fractions of metals in the AMD‐impacted soil, thus lowering potential metal toxicity. Soil pH increased from an extremely acidic 2.69 to a near‐neutral 6.86 standard units over the 60‐day study period. Results from this preliminary study suggest the possibility of a successful scale‐up of this innovative, cost‐effective, and environmentally sustainable technology for remediating AMD‐impacted acid sulfate soils.