Pesticide in the Mississippi River floodplain and its possible linkage to colon cancer risk in the US

Result of this study shows that elevated colorectal cancer risk in Mississippi River floodplain of the United States is likely linked to historically high pesticide application. Mississippi River basin produces about 80% of major US crops and has about two-thirds of US pesticides used for agriculture. Historically, heavy pesticide application and agricultural irrigation were reported to result in high pesticide residues in surface water, fish and wells of Mississippi embayment. Risk ratio of colorectal cancer incidence in 86 counties of Mississippi River floodplain was about 29% higher than that of other counties in the 48 contiguous states. Risk ratio of colon cancer mortality in 63 counties of Mississippi embayment was 33% higher than that of other counties in the 48 states between 1999 and 2016. Risk ratios of colorectal cancer incidence and colon cancer mortality in Mississippi River floodplain are higher after smoking and diabetes factors were filtered off. Previous studies have linked exposure to pesticide with type-II diabetes and the latter was linked to increasing colon cancer risk by about 27%. Result here suggests that pesticide may be an independent risk factor directly associated with elevated colon cancer risk in Mississippi River floodplain.     

低碳农业评价指标体系的构建及对广东的评价

本文对低碳农业评价指标体系的构建进行深入探讨,主要从农业生产要素产出效率、能源利用低碳化水平、农业生产方式低碳化水平、农业碳汇效应4个维度构建指标体系,并运用德尔菲法、加乘混合合成法确立综合指标评价值及设定低碳农业发展水平的等级评价标准,以此为科学量化评价农业低碳发展水平提供一个简便工具,实现对低碳农业评价由定性描述向定量分析的转变。在此基础上,将该评价指标体系应用于对广东省低碳农业发展综合评价的实证研究,以期为农业决策者制定和实施科学的低碳发展政策提供依据。研究结果显示,2006-2010年广东省低碳农业发展水平与低碳农业发展要求尚有较大差距,处于从较高碳发展水平向中碳发展水平迈进的阶段;“农业生产方式低碳化水平”成为广东农业低碳发展的最大制约性因素;与全国其他9省区比较,广东省低碳农业发展综合指数属于中等偏下的位次。由此可见,当前广东省高碳化的现代农业发展模式,成为阻碍低碳农业发展的最大因素;而坚持现有耕地的有效保护与合理拓展有效耕地面积,并因地制宜地提高农地的复种指数,对增强广东种植业的碳汇效应,保护和改善生态环境具有关键性的作用。     

Monitoring of soil biochemical quality parameters under greenhouse spinach cultivation through animal waste recycling

Under the intensive agricultural system, direct application of animal slurries to soils can provide a sustainable disposal of these wastes by inducing positive changes in soil quality and fertility. However, how animal wastes quantitatively affect the key nutrients (C, N, P and S) transforming soil enzymes is not clearly known. A greenhouse spinach cultivation study demonstrated that pig slurry, either in raw (RS) or processed (aerobically aged) (PS) form, significantly (p?β-glucosidase (23–39%), urease (59–103%), nitrate reductase (73–103%) and dehydrogenase (27–72%)) and microbial growth in soil as compared to the unamended control. However, it did not significantly (p?>?.05) alter the aryl sulphatase enzyme activity. Slurry applications also significantly improved the macro (N, P and K) and micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe) uptake by spinach plant and hence the yield (2.9–3.38 times higher than control). Similarly, compared to chemical fertilisers the application of pig slurries improved soil biological and biochemical parameters as well as plant nutrients uptake. This study demonstrated the closing of global energy and nutrient cycles through land application of animal wastes without compromising the crop yield.     

中国大气超级站发展与展望：基于问卷调研的统计研究

大气环境综合观测研究站(简称大气超级站)是开展大气环境污染综合立体观测、进行大气重污染过程污染特征动态表征、深入分析大气污染成因的重要平台。了解中国当前不同地区大气超级站的建设和应用现状、存在的问题及发展需求,有利于科学指导和规范中国大气超级站的设计、建设、运维和应用,提高其在大气重污染过程应急管控和空气质量改善中的技术支撑能力。研究通过对国内60余个大气超级站进行问卷调研,综述了中国目前大气超级站的现状,并基于统计分析结果,对中国大气超级站发展提出建议。     

清洁生产审计在环境影响评价中的应用

在建设项目环境影响评价现状基础上,提出清洁生产的概念,并将清洁生产审计贯穿于环境影响评价工作中,同时对清洁生产下的环境影响评价程序及方法等进行了分析,指出了今后环境影响评价工作的发展方向。     

Effect of sulphadimethoxine contamination on barley (Hordeum distichum L., Poaceae, Liliposida)

Animal wastes from intensive farming are generally collected for field fertilisation. They may contain drugs that can become soil pollutants. To evaluate the possible effects of such contamination in terrestrial systems, sulphadimethoxine has been subjected to laboratory tests (in vitro, synthetic medium, and soil) using seeds of barley (Hordeum distichum L.). The drug suppressed normal post-germinative development and growth of roots and leaves in both test conditions; this effect was dependent on the bioaccumulation rate, which was higher on synthetic medium than in soil. Bioaccumulation was higher in roots than foliage and this was markedly evident in soil and, in particular, in soils with a low humus content. The environmental risk of sludge application on soils and the possible contamination of food chains are discussed.     

国外生活垃圾厌氧发酵技术的工程应用

厌氧发酵技术能较好地实现城市生活垃圾的资源化、无害化和减量化,是目前垃圾处理技术一个新的重要发展方向,而国内尚无运行的厌氧发酵处理厂。针对国外厌氧发酵技术的应用情况和发展趋势,侧重于从工程应用方面总结已建厌氧发酵处理厂的发酵技术,为我国厌氧发酵处理厂的建设和运行提供一定的技术支持。     

固定化微生物技术在废水处理中的应用

固定化微生物技术是一种高效的废水生物处理技术,具有能保持高效菌种,稳定性强,反应易于控制,污泥产生量少,能够去除高浓度有机物及难降解物质等优点。对载体的选择及常用的固定化方法进行了介绍,分析了各种方法与载体在应用中的优缺点。重点叙述了固定化微生物技术在含难降解有机物废水、含重金属离子废水、含高浓度有机废水、含氮含磷废水中的应用现状。但要实现其工业化,仍然有诸多问题需要解决,主要包括：固定化参数的建立、载体的选择、运行成本的削减等。     

The Dynamic Safety Evaluation ModelOf the Safety Control Theory and Its Application

The Safety Sate Equation of theSafety System　　 Any system is moving,and the system mo-tion is the results of contradiction existing in thesystem.So is the safety system.In the safetysystem,the contradiction is the affection of thetwo concentrated variables,the hazard(H) andthe hazard control(C) .The ratio of injury anddeath of the system (Y) is one of the indexes de-scribing the safety state of system.Therefore,Yis the reflection of the result between hazard Hand hazard control C.Ac…     

裂变径迹方法在大地构造学中的一些应用

文章介绍了近年来地学工作者利用锆石、磷灰石的裂变径迹技术在造山带、构造盆地、大型断裂方面的研究成果。裂变径迹技术可给出岩石冷却年龄、时间 -温度演化轨迹 ,并用之探讨不同构造区的构造隆升时间、强度、活动分布模式以及演化规律。所列事实说明裂变径迹技术能为重塑上地壳大地构造活动模式、演化历史提供有益帮助