现代环境与人体健康研究综述

环境与健康是人类永恒的主题。本文介绍了环境与健康的关系,总结了在全球气候变化、臭氧层损耗、生物多样性的丧失、土地荒漠化和干旱、环境污染以及城市化等多方面给人类健康带来的影响,探讨了人体总暴露研究、地理信息系统技术在本领域的应用,最后概括了我国在这一领域的研究现状。     

现代运动服装结构及面料功能性设计研究

现代运动服装越来越重视功能性及舒适性。运动服装功能性具体体现在服装款式结构设计的功能性和功能性面料的选择两个方面。结构设计应考虑运动项目的特点、人体工学以及运动所处环境等因素：运动服装的面料应选择具有耐牢性、舒适性能较好的材料。     

Urban agriculture,civil interfaces and moving beyond difference: the experiences of plot holders in Dublin and Belfast

Recent literature suggests that a “shared politics of place” attained through joint activities fosters social integration and provides people with a means to practise co-operation [Baumann, G., 1996. Contesting culture: discourses of identity in multi-ethnic London. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Sanjek, R., 1998. The future of us all: race & neighbourhood policies in New York City. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Sennett, R., 2012. Together: the rituals, pleasures and politics of cooperation. UK: Penguin]. Such a “shared politics of place” is most likely to occur in the context of public space conceptualised broadly as “the setting for everyday spatial behaviour of individuals and communities, emphasizing ordinary activities of citizens” [Lownsbrough, H. and Beunderman, J., 2007. Equally spaced? Public space and interaction between diverse communities. London: Demos, p. 8]. Here we explore one element of such public space – urban agriculture sites – with a view to identifying the extent to which a “shared politics of place” can be created and nurtured among the cultivating citizenry. The paper draws on data collected on allotment gardening sites in two urban contexts: Dublin (Ireland) and Belfast (Northern Ireland) over the period 2009–2013. We demonstrate the centrality of allotment cultivation to the generation of solidarity, mutuality and trust among participating citizens. Individuals engaging in allotment gardening in both Dublin and Belfast create and sustain civil interfaces – dismantling barriers, exchanging knowledge, challenging stereotypes, generating empathy and getting on with the business of simply getting on with their lives. The modus operandi of allotment gardening is predicated on a willingness to disregard social and ethno-national categorisations while on site. This is not to deny that such differences exist and persist, but allotments offer a “space of potential” where those differences are, at least for a time, rendered less salient.     

INFLUENCES OF WATERSHED,RIPARIAN‐CORRIDOR,AND REACH‐SCALE CHARACTERISTICS ON AQUATIC BIOTA IN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS1

ABSTRACT: Multivariate analyses and correlations revealed strong relations between watershed and riparian‐corridor land cover, and reach‐scale habitat versus fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages in 38 warmwater streams in eastern Wisconsin. Watersheds were dominated by agricultural use, and ranged in size from 9 to 71 km² Watershed land cover was summarized from satellite‐derived data for the area outside a 30‐m buffer. Riparian land cover was interpreted from digital orthophotos within 10‐, 10‐to 20‐, and 20‐to 30‐m buffers. Reach‐scale habitat, fish, and macroinvertebrates were collected in 1998 and biotic indices calculated. Correlations between land cover, habitat, and stream‐quality indicators revealed significant relations at the watershed, riparian‐corridor, and reach scales. At the watershed scale, fish diversity, intolerant fish and EPT species increased, and Hilsenhoff biotic index (HBI) decreased as percent forest increased. At the riparian‐corridor scale, EPT species decreased and HBI increased as riparian vegetation became more fragmented. For the reach, EPT species decreased with embeddedness. Multivariate analyses further indicated that riparian (percent agriculture, grassland, urban and forest, and fragmentation of vegetation), watershed (percent forest) and reach‐scale characteristics (embeddedness) were the most important variables influencing fish (IBI, density, diversity, number, and percent tolerant and insectivorous species) and macroinvertebrate (HBI and EPT) communities.     

TOWARDS CHARACTERIZING AND PLANNTNG FOR DROUGHT IN VERMONT‐PART II: POLICY IMPLICATIONS1

ABSTRACT: Vermont is one of approximately half a dozen states for which no official drought mitigation plan exists. Given the recurring nature of this natural hazard, current contingency measures should be expanded upon into a coherent mitigation framework. The types of drought and impacts resulting from the 1998 to 1999 event were the focus of a previous article in this volume. The present article builds on the understanding of drought characteristics specific to the Vermont context and introduces the rationale behind a proposed drought planning framework. Pivotal organizations and institutions that should be involved in this process are also presented.     

现代生物技术对环境安全的挑战及对策

现代生物技术发展虽历时短暂,但它为解决人类生存和发展危机,实现可持续发展战略带来了一线曙光,因而倍受世人瞩目.同时,由于现代生物技术存在着广泛、潜在而长期的危害及发展不平衡性,从而给人类赖以生存与发展的环境构成了巨大威胁和严峻挑战;它既危及到人类的环境安全,又削弱了可持续发展基础.笔者在分析现代生物技术对人类生存和发展环境构成的威胁与挑战的基础上,探讨了中国入世后所面临的更加严峻的环境安全与压力,并提出规范现代生物技术,促进可持续发展的对策.      

氧化塘底泥对作物生长影响的研究

本文通过农田试验 ,得出氧化塘底泥可以改良土壤结构、增加有机质含量、微生物数量、提高作物产量的结论。因此 ,底泥可以作为一种有机肥应用于农业。     

对深圳市重点农牧渔建设项目环保工作的综述及探讨

对深圳市重点农牧渔建设项目的环境保护工作进行了综述。结果表明 ,这些工作对有效地减轻项目的污染 ,最大可能地利用项目产出的各种废物 ,维护项目区生态环境的良性发展起到了重要的作用。文章同时结合深圳的具体实际对存在的一些问题进行了讨论 ,并提出了一些切实可行的建议。这些讨论对内地城市也有一定的参考意义。     

Genetic Engineering in Agriculture: Who Stands to Benefit?

The use of genetic engineering inagriculture has been the source of much debate. Todate, arguments have focused most strongly on thepotential human health risks, the flow of geneticmaterial to related species, and ecologicalconsequences. Little attention appears to have beengiven to a more fundamental concern, namely, who willbe the beneficiaries of this technology? Given the prevalence of chronic hunger and thestark economics of farming, it is arguable thatfarmers and the hungry should be the mainbeneficiaries of agricultural research. However, theapplication of genetic engineering appears unlikely tobenefit either of these two groups. This technology islargely controlled by the private sector, and itscontinued development hinges on its profitability.Thus, the only likely beneficiaries of the applicationof genetic engineering in agriculture are companieswith the capacity to use it.     

宁波市城市污水处理厂污泥处置方案探讨

随着城市污水处理率提高导致的污水污泥产量的增长趋势也使得污水污泥的处理问题更为突出。在总结国内外城市污泥处置技术发展趋势的基础上,结合宁波市的实际情况,根据无害化、减量化和资源化的原则,提出城市污泥近远期处置方案,并对处置方案作出可行性分析。