絮体分形结构形成机制探讨

基于统计力学和无标度网络框架分析了絮凝过程,并从物理角度导出了絮体的分形结构,探讨了分形维数与外界控制条件的关系.在此基础之上,根据能量守恒对模型进行了理论计算,发现在湍流条件或外界能量交换强烈的情况下,分形维数较高;反之,若在层流条件或能量交换较弱的条件下,则分形维数较低.将理论计算结果与实验结果进行比较,二者较为一致.     

静力触探技术在宿迁市枣林医院工程地质勘察中的应用

结合宿迁市枣林医院岩土工程勘查项目,重点阐述了静力触探的成果指标ps 、fs、qc在该地区的地层分层、地基承载力估计、压缩模量估计和天然重度估计方面的应用,与土工试验相对照,结果表明利用静力触探方法得到的工程地质重要参数具有实际意义.     

Dose-response modeling for developmental neurotoxicity data

The fact that maternal exposures to some chemicals during pregnancy can adversely affect the structure and function of the nervous system in the offspring is well established. Government agencies have for a long time been concerned with regulation of developmental neurotoxicants and safe perinatal exposures. However, despite this concern, current guidelines provide only broad and nonspecific recommendations and lack clear directions for a model based approach to risk estimation. In this paper we propose a dose-response model for the nonquantal data obtained from developmental neurotoxicological experiments. To account for the critical issue of the correlation among responses from pups in the same litter, the so called intralitter correlation, a hierarchical distributional structure is used to derive the underlying unconditional distribution of responses. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate model parameters and the covariance matrix of the estimates is derived. An example is used to illustrate the results.     

基于去污效果和气候适应性的湿地植物筛选研究

通过模拟垂直潜流人工湿地系统,在对菖蒲(Acorus calamus)、芦竹(Arundo donax)、茭白(Zizania latifolia)、旱伞草(Cyperus alternifolius)和再力花(Thalia dealbata)5种湿地植物的去污能力进行分析的基础上,利用最大熵(MAXENT)模型对它们在中国西南地区的适生区和分布的气候影响因子进行了综合分析。结果表明,5种湿地植物都有较高的去污能力,且不同植物的去污能力存在一定差异,对氮、磷去除效果较好的为旱伞草,茭白、再力花和菖蒲次之,芦竹较差;旱伞草在中国西南地区有着广泛的适生区,并可以越冬,是一种去污能力较好并可以全年使用的人工湿地植物。菖蒲、茭白、再力花也有较强的去污能力和气候适应能力,但是过冬效果相对较差,在西南地区大部分区域的春、夏、秋季适用于人工湿地栽种。芦竹虽然在西南地区适生区较广,但它在淹水环境中的去污能力相对较弱,可以适当地应用于人工湿地周边的湿生环境中。     

Rail height effects on safety performance of Midwest Guardrail System

Objective: Guardrail heights play a crucial role in the way that errant vehicles interact with roadside barriers. Low rail heights increase the propensity of vehicle rollover and override, whereas excessively tall rails promote underride. Further, rail mounting heights and post embedment depths may be altered by variations in roadside terrain. An increased guardrail height may be desirable to accommodate construction tolerances, soil erosion, frost heave, and future roadway overlays. This study aimed to investigate and identify a maximum safe installation height for the Midwest Guardrail System that would be robust and remain crashworthy before and after pavement overlays.

Methods: A research investigation was performed to evaluate the safety performance of increased mounting heights for the standard 787-mm (31-in.)-tall Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) through crash testing and computer simulation. Two full-scale crash tests with small passenger cars were performed on the MGS with top-rail mounting heights of 864 and 914 mm (34 and 36 in.). Test results were then used to calibrate computer simulation models.

Results: In the first test, a small car impacted the MGS with 864-mm (34-in.) rail height at 102 km/h (63.6 mph) and 25.0° and was successfully redirected. In the second test, another small car impacted the MGS with a 914-mm (36-in.) rail height at 103 km/h (64.1 mph) and 25.6° and was successful. Both system heights satisfied the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) Test Level 3 (TL-3) evaluation criteria. Test results were then used to calibrate computer simulation models. A mounting height of 36 in. was determined to be the maximum guardrail height that would safely contain and redirect small car vehicles. Simulations confirmed that taller guardrail heights (i.e., 37 in.) would likely result in small car underride. In addition, simulation results indicated that passenger vehicle models were successfully contained by the 34- and 36-in.-tall MGS installed on approach slopes as steep as 6:1.

Conclusions: A mounting height of 914 mm (36 in.) was determined to be the maximum guardrail height that would safely contain and redirect 1100C vehicles and not allow underride or excessive vehicle snag on support posts. Recommendations were also provided regarding the safety performance of the MGS with increased height.     

城市消防站选址布局优化及对雄安新区的启示

安全是雄安新区建设发展的重要保障和基础底线。消防救援队伍,承担火灾防范、火灾扑救、抢险救援等工作,是提升新区城市救援能力,保障城市安全的有生力量。消防站是消防救援队伍工作（执勤备战）的场所,优化消防站选址布局意义重大。面向雄安新区消防安全提升和应急救援能力提升需求,针对我国目前消防站建设过程中覆盖率低及消防站建设投资巨大等问题,建立位置集合覆盖模型和最大覆盖模型联合使用的选址方法,增加补充性约束条件对模型进行改进,提出基于GIS的选址模型应用流程,并通过实际案例应用研究,提出雄安新区消防站规划建设的启示建议。     

50年长江源区域植被净初级生产力及其影响因素变化特征

基于长江源区1959—2008年月平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、相对湿度、降水量、风速和日照时数等气候要素资料,应用修订的Thornthwaite Memorial模型计算了50年植被净初级生产力,分析其年际和年代际变化特征及其主要气象因子的影响。结果表明：1959—2008年间,研究区年降水量呈增加趋势,降水量变化曲线线性拟合倾向率每10年为5.685~13.047 mm,春夏季增幅较大;年平均气温呈极显著上升趋势,气温变化曲线线性拟合倾向率每10年在0.240~0.248℃之间,增温率以秋冬季最大;最大蒸散呈增加趋势,年最大蒸散变化曲线线性拟合倾向率每10年在5.073~5.366 mm,春季增幅最大;地表湿润指数也呈增加趋势,年地表湿润指数变化曲线线性拟合倾向率每10年为0.013~0.020,冬季增幅最大,在10年周期时间频率附近,出现了6~8个干湿交替期,20世纪90年代之后为偏湿期,在低频区,1998—2005年有偏干振荡;近50年年NPP变化呈显著上升趋势,NPP变化曲线线性拟合倾向率每10年在97.901~197.01 kg.hm-2之间,2001—2008年NPP较高。影响长江源区NPP变化的主要气候因子是降水量、最大蒸散量和平均最低气温。     

区域空气质量监测网络优化布点方法研究

通过分析区域空气质量监测网络(RAQMN)优化布点的各种限制因素,利用空气质量模型模拟数据构建综合评价浓度,建立以最大贴近度为优化目标,以建设成本、地形、行政区域、人口布局和空间覆盖率等为约束条件的RAQMN优化布点方法.以珠江三角洲为案例背景,利用此方法分析了考虑常规污染物(SO2、NO2和PM10)、区域特征污染物(O3和PM2.5)和同时考虑包括常规、区域特征污染物等多种污染物组合3种情景下的RAQMN的优化布点.结果表明,该方法能够成功地应用于RAQMN的优化选址.与仅考虑常规污染物和仅考虑区域特征污染物的优化结果相比,同时考虑多种污染物优化结果的空间代表性更好,更能满足RAQMN的监测目标与优化布点的要求.     

环境风险评价构架的探讨

本文归纳并概括了国际上和我国环境风险评价的一般构架,从环境风险评价、安全评价、健康评价、生态评价、最大可信灾害事故及最大可接受水平等几个方面对我国环境风险评价一般构架进行了探讨,分析了我国环境风险评价构架中存在的问题,提出了进一步完善我国环境风险评价一般构架的方法,并辅以了案例分析。     

基于响应面法的木粉尘最大爆炸压力试验研究——以桑木粉尘为例

为研究粉尘质量浓度、粒径和点火延迟时间对木粉尘最大爆炸压力影响,以桑木粉尘为对象,利用1.2 L的Hartmann管进行试验。研究结果表明:最大爆炸压力随着粉尘质量浓度的增加先增大后减小,随着粉尘粒径的增大而减小,随着点火延迟时间的增大而增大。在单因素试验基础上,运用Design-Expert软件对Box-Behnken所设计的响应面试验方案分析,得到影响粉尘最大爆炸压力大小顺序为:点火延迟时间>质量浓度>粒径,同时Design-Expert软件预测出最危险爆炸强度的试验条件为:质量浓度840.24 g/m3,粒径260目,点火延迟时间12 s,最大爆炸压力为0.511 775 MPa,经检验,拟合性较好,为防爆设备本质安全强度设计提供了一定的参考价值。