卧螺离心机在城市湖泊污泥脱水中的应用

介绍了LW780X3200Y型卧螺离心机在城市湖泊污泥脱水中的工程应用情况,分析了絮凝剂(PAM)、差转速、处理量、污泥质量浓度等参数对污泥脱水效果的影响,结果表明,添加絮凝剂可显著改善污泥脱水效果,提高运行稳定性;降低差转速、增加处理量、增大污泥质量浓度均能降低固渣含水率,但也将增加余水含固率,降低固相回收率;LW780X3200Y型卧螺离心机最佳运行工况为:转速2 100 r/min,差转速13 r/min,污泥质量浓度10％,处理量63 m3/h,加药量5.6 m3/h.     

青竹江水环境耗氧污染物含量分布特征及质量评价

本文对青竹江水环境中耗氧污染物(CODCr、BOD5和NH3-N)含量分布特征进行了探讨,并对青竹江的水质质量进行评价。结果表明,青竹江从上游到下游水体中污染物含量为增加趋势,在时间上也存在一定的变化,枯水期水体中污染物含量高于平水期和丰水期,目前青竹江综合水质可满足Ⅱ类水质标准要求。     

给水加氧处理在超超临界1000MW机组的应用

徐州电厂超超临界1000MW机组投产后及时采用了给水加氧处理技术,介绍了1号机组给水加氧转换过程、水汽指标的变化情况。加氧处理技术实施后水汽系统含铁量显著降低,精处理混床运行周期延长,加药量减少,效果显著,提高了机组运行的经济性和安全性。     

在线飞灰测碳仪在燃煤锅炉中的应用

介绍了在线飞灰测碳仪工作原理和系统结构,通过其在中石化某自备电厂燃煤锅炉的实际应用,说明了燃煤锅炉使用在线飞灰测碳仪后,锅炉司炉能随时掌握飞灰含碳量波动情况,及时调整风粉比,合理控制飞灰含碳量指标,从而降低了发电成本,提高了机组运行的经济性。     

Socioeconomic Driving Factors of Nitrogen Load from Food Consumption and Preventive Measures

To diagnose environmental nitrogen (N) load from food consumption and to suggest preventive measures, this study identified relationships between nitrogen load from food consumption and driving factors by examining six representative countries and regions for the period 1970–2009 as an example. The logarithmic mean Divisia index technique was used to disassemble nitrogen load growth into four driving factors: population, economic activity, food intensity of the economy, and nitrogen content of food. In all study areas, increased economic activity was the main factor driving nitrogen load increase. The positive effect of population growth was relatively small but not negligible and changes in food intensity had a decreasing effect on nitrogen load. Changes in nitrogen content of food varied between areas. Broad strategies to reduce and mitigate nitrogen loading and decouple nitrogen load from economic growth in both developed and developing countries are suggested.     

Fatty acid profile and elemental content of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) oil –effect of extraction methods

Interest in vegetable oil extracted from idioblast cells of avocado fruit is growing. In this study, five extraction methods to produce avocado oil have been compared: traditional solvent extraction using a Soxhlet or ultrasound, Soxhlet extraction combined with microwave or ultra-turrax treatment and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Traditional Soxhlet extraction produced the most reproducible results, 64.76 ± 0.24 g oil/100 g dry weight (DW) and 63.67 ± 0.20 g oil/100 g DW for Hass and Fuerte varieties, respectively. Microwave extraction gave the highest yield of oil (69.94%) from the Hass variety. Oils from microwave extraction had the highest fatty acid content; oils from SFE had wider range of fatty acids. Oils from Fuerte variety had a higher monounsaturated: saturated FA ratio (3.45–3.70). SFE and microwave extraction produced the best quality oil, better than traditional Soxhlet extraction, with the least amount of oxidizing metals present.     

基于响应面法的污泥快速固化效能综合影响简

针对现有污泥固化技术存在的固化养护时间长、低温条件下固化效能低等问题。研究提出污泥快速（3 d）固化技术,采用响应曲面分析方法,重点考察了石灰、组分A、硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰和温度等5因素对固化效能的综合影响,研究结果表明,石灰、组分A、硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰和养护温度等因素对3 d固化体的无侧限抗压强度和含水率的线性效应显著,石灰和组分A、石灰和养护温度对无侧限抗压强度的交互影响显著,石灰和粉煤灰、组分A和养护温度、硅酸盐水泥和粉煤灰对含水率的交互影响显著;得出了5因素对固化体3 d无侧限抗压强度和含水率影响的定量模型,可对污泥快速固化进行优化和预测;并利用XRD和SED对污泥固化块的化学成分和微观结构进行了分析。     

水分影响下阴燃传播及气相反应发生的研究

为了解阴燃传播及其反应状态发生变化的特点,采用一半干燥一半加湿的聚氨酯泡沫材料进行实验。在自然对流条件下,阴燃由下到上从干材料传播到湿材料。各次实验中阴燃在干材料部分都保持稳定传播,而湿材料部分所设计的含水率则从8.4%到21.7%。水分的吸热作用使阴燃状态随含水率大小发生极大的变化。在含水率较小时,阴燃仍能继续传播但温度和速度都有所下降;含水率稍大时,阴燃反应受到抑制,在内部有氧气剩余的情况下则会发生气相反应;当含水率进一步增大,阴燃就会熄灭。如果阴燃能传播到材料末端,外界的大量氧气进入阴燃区将使其向明火发生转化。     

油田注空气工艺防爆实验的研究

通过实验,研究可燃气体(甲烷)的爆炸极限规律和加入惰性气体(氮气)后可燃气体临界氧含量的变化规律,测定在特定条件下甲烷的爆炸极限范围和安全氧含量,根据实验结果,确定氧含量的安全标准并提出相应的事故预防与控制措施,确保注空气采油技术实施过程中的风险处于可控制范围内,使注空气采油技术得到更广泛的应用。     

西昌市13种野生蘑菇中汞含量分析及安全性评价

地球生态系统汞的水平一般非常低,但某些大型真菌对汞的强烈积累则是例外.分析了采集于四川省西昌市未受汞污染地方生长的13种野生蘑菇99个样品子实体中汞的含量,用原子荧光法测定蘑菇和蘑菇采集地土壤中的汞含量.野生蘑菇的汞含量随蘑菇种类的不同而不同,双色牛肝菌积累汞的能力最强,质量比为0.99 mg Hg/(kg·dw),生物富集常数(BCF)达2.01.提出野生蘑菇对汞的积累明显受介质汞水平的影响.分析的汞含量与早期的文献数据报道进行比较,评价了法律规定的人体吸收汞水平和食用蘑菇对人体汞吸收量的贡献,指出人们在消费蘑菇时可能存在的风险和应对措施.