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981.
Larry C. Tennyson Carl D. Settergren 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(3):433-433
ABSTRACT: A bromide tracer was used to evaluate percolate water and ion movement in the upper 1.2 m of soil at a proposed sewage effluent irrigation site located in the Missouri Ozarks. Two plots representing Doniphan silt loam and Crider silt loam soils were sprinkler irrigated with local ground water at a rate of 7.62 cm/week from June through August 1976. Soil water potential, percent soil moisture by volume, and background levels of bromide in soil water, ground water, and precipitation were measured at the study plots. Bromide exchange properties and saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soils were determined in the laboratory. During two selected time periods, irrigation water, was spiked with NaBr (5.0 mg/l Br). Bromide movement through the upper profile was quantified by soil water samples and post-sampling neutron activation analysis. Soil moisture was near saturatin in both soils when the Br tracer was applied. Bromide concentrations above background levels (0.023 mg/l Br, Doniphan silt loam and 0.016 mg/l Br, Crider silt loam) were detected within 2.60 hours at 0.9 m in the Doniphan soil and within 3.75 hours at that depth in the Crider soil. The rate of Br movement in the profile was greater in both soils than the measured saturated hydraulic conductivity, Bromide concentrations above background levels were present in soil water from the study plots for a minimum of 21 days after irrigation with the Br tracer. 相似文献
982.
Edward E. Hindman Randolph D. Borys Paul J. DeMott 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1983,19(4):619-624
ABSTRACT Observations and measurements were made during storm periods at mountain top sites in the Colorado Rockies during the winter of 1981-1982. On average, liquid clouds occurred with and without snowfall for, respectively, 75 percent and 15 percent of the observations. On average, the rime ice deposition rates were measured to be seven times the precipitation rates. The rime deposits were estimated to contribute 10 percent to the water content of the snowpack. Combining this figure with the estimated rime deposits on falling snow crystals (up to 50 percent by mass), up to 60 percent of the water content of the annual snowpack in the mountains near Steamboat Springs, Colorado, could be due to rime ice deposits. 相似文献
983.
Bhaskar J. Choudhury Bruce J. Blanchard 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1983,19(2):241-247
ABSTRACT: The antecedent precipitation index (API) has been a useful indicator of soil moisture conditions for watershed runoff calculations, and recent attempts to correlate this index with spaceborne microwave observations have been fairly successful. The prognostic equation for soil moisture used in some of the atmospheric general circulation models (GCM) together with Thomthwaite-Mather parameterization of actual evapotranspiration leads to API equations. The recession coefficient for API is found to depend on climatic factors as contained in potential evapotranspiration and to depend on soil texture as reflected by field capacity and permanent wilting point. A recently developed model for global insolation is used with climatological data for Wisconsin to simulate the annual trend of the recession coefficient. Good quantitative agreement is shown with the observed trends at Fennimore and Colby watersheds in Wisconsin. This study suggests that API could be a unifying concept for watershed and atmospheric general circulation modeling. 相似文献
984.
T. J. Jackson M. E. Hawley P. E. O'Neill 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1987,23(1):11-19
ABSTRACT: Accurate assessment of preplanting soil moisture conditions is necessary for good agricultural management, and can have a significant influence on crop yield in the Texas Panhandle region. The Texas High Plains Underground Water Conservation District invests considerable time and money in developing a soil moisture deficit map each year in the hopes of achieving optimal use of irrigation water. Microwave sensors are responsive to surface soil moisture and, if used in this application, can provide timely and detailed information on root zone soil moisture. For this reason, an experiment was conducted in 1984 to evaluate the potential of aircraft-mounted passive microwave sensors. Microwave radiometer data were collected over a 2700 km2 area near Lubbock, Texas, with a processed resolution of 0.32 km2. These data were ground registered and converted to estimates of soil moisture using an appropriate model and land cover and soil texture information. Analyses indicate that the system provides an efficient means for mapping variations in soil moisture over large areas. 相似文献
985.
986.
为了掌握水化煤饱和-风干过程中不同风干时间煤样的自燃特性,对水化煤样进行不同风干时间的实验煤样预处理,形成不同风干时间的水化煤样。通过煤样含水率测试、物理吸附实验和程序升温实验,对不同饱和-风干时间的水化煤样以及原煤样的吸氧量和CO,CO2,CH4,C2H4,C2H6,C3H8气体浓度随煤温的变化规律进行实验研究。研究结果表明:不同风干时间水化煤样随着煤温的逐渐升高,吸氧量呈先减小后增大趋势;不同风干时间的水化煤样的自燃标志性气体析出速率随煤温的升高均呈指数增大的变化趋势;在低温氧化阶段,水化煤样比原煤反应时间提前,且反应速率更快,这表明水化煤样比原煤样更加容易发生自燃,且风干时间为20 min的水化煤危险性更大。 相似文献
987.
988.
填埋场好氧处理是一种有效的填埋场修复手段。采用模拟填埋反应器,搭配水气联合控制系统,探讨不同填埋龄垃圾好氧稳定化过程最佳氧气控制范围和污染物去除情况。结果表明新鲜垃圾和填埋龄分别为1,3,7年的垃圾最佳氧浓度调控范围分别为11%~14%、8%~14%、7%~15%和6%~17%。垃圾耗氧速率随填埋龄增加而降低。经过180~220 d的好氧处理,新鲜垃圾渗滤液BOD5和COD去除率均达到92%以上;而老龄垃圾渗滤液COD降解慢。处理后期各反应器ρ(BOD_5)/ρ(COD)<0.1,垃圾基本稳定。 相似文献
989.
选取不同排水年限的兴安落叶松人工林湿地(1974,1985,1992,2003年排水)和天然兴安落叶松沼泽湿地,研究排水对小兴安岭沼泽湿地土壤酶活性及氮素含量的影响。结果表明:湿地排水造林后,表层土壤脲酶活性降低47.3%~84.3%;蔗糖酶活性降低49.2%~72.4%。表层土壤NH_3-N降低了6.9%~19.7%;NO_3~--N降低了63.2%~80.3%。在垂直剖面上,排水湿地的NH3-N含量随土层深度增加而增大,天然森林湿地随土层深度增加而减小。排水对土壤表层土壤酶活性及各氮素含量影响显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
990.
福建省九龙江江东库区沉积物微藻分布研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
沉积物既是营养盐的储存库,也是藻类的休眠场所.本研究以九龙江北溪江东水库为研究对象,于2011年4月、6月、9月、12月采集表层沉积物,对其营养盐含量、表层沉积物微藻分布及丰度进行分析.结果表明,沉积物大部分为粉砂质粘壤土,该区域沉积物总碳含量为9140.2~17760.4 mg·kg~(-1),总氮含量为950.0~1600.4 mg·kg~(-1),总磷含量为483.7~856.2 mg·kg~(-1).库区表层沉积物微藻细胞丰度范围在7.41×105~2.17×106cells·g~(-1)底泥(以干重计),主要为硅藻门和绿藻门,分别占微藻比例的45.52%~86.42%和5.96%~35.55%.沉积物微藻总丰度与上覆水体浮游植物总丰度及隐藻、裸藻丰度呈显著负相关,反映了沉积物微藻对上覆水体浮游植物的影响.沉积物中蓝藻、隐藻、甲藻孢囊丰度分别与水温呈显著负相关,分别与溶解氧呈显著正相关,因而冬季沉积物中有相对高的微藻丰度.沉积物微藻丰度与含水率、粉粒分别呈显著性正相关,反映了沉积物微藻沿着水流方向的积累. 相似文献