黄土高原关键带土壤水分空间分异特征

地球关键带是人类生存和发展的关键区域。关键带发生的一系列物理、化学和生物过程与人类活动密切相关。土壤水分是黄土高原关键带的关键要素,同时又是黄土高原植被恢复与生态环境重建的决定因子。为揭示黄土高原关键带土壤水分的空间分异特征,采用网格(50m×50m)布点,雨季结束后采集0~500cm深度土壤样品,结合室内分析,结果表明:黄土高原小流域中73个样点0~500cm的土壤含水量分布范围介于1%~23%之间,降水对0~100cm土层的土壤水分补充明显;土壤水分在水平和垂直方向都表现出明显的空间异质性,在不同方向上的水分控制过程有所不同,是对土地利用方式、植被类型、地形要素、土壤质地等多因素综合响应的结果。充分理解关键带土壤水分空间的分异规律及其主控因素有助于该区小流域综合治理中的植被建造与布局,也有助于对该区土壤水文和生物地球化学过程的理解。     

非饱和红壤土降雨入渗室内模拟试验

以江西省域范围内典型红壤土为研究对象,利用自行研制开发的降雨模拟试验设备与渗透试验装置,设计了大雨工况下土体初始含水率、干密度、降雨累积时间及降雨后土体静置时间等对其渗透性影响的室内试验。试验结果显示,土体渗透性随初始含水率的升高逐渐降低,给出的宏观渗透系数公式定量化描述了不同初始含水率的可渗透性强弱程度;在初始含水率相对固定的情况下,土体渗透性随干密度的增大逐渐减小,且干密度增大到一定程度后其渗透性锐减,各水平之间的差异性不再明显;累积降雨时间会显著影响深部土体的渗透性,降雨历时越长,深部土体的含水率越高;雨水的在降雨过程停止后继续沿土体纵深入渗,致使表层含水率降低,深部含水率提高,含水率特征曲线趋向竖直。     

Prediction of dissolved gases content in power transformer oil using BASA-based mixed kernel RVR model

In this paper, beetle antennae search algorithm-based mixed kernel relevance vector regression (BASA-MkRVR) model is presented and applied to predict the dissolved gases content in power transformer, and beetle antennae search algorithm (BASA) is used to select the appropriate kernel parameters and controlled parameter. The RVR model with RBF kernel (RBFRVR) and the RVR model with Sigmoid kernel (SigmoidRVR) are, respectively, used to compare with the proposed BASA-MkRVR model in order to testify the superiority of BASA-MkRVR compared with RBFRVR and SigmoidRVR. The experimental results indicate that BASA-MkRVR has more excellent prediction ability for the dissolved gases content in power transformer oil than RBFRVR and SigmoidRVR.     

An analysis of university sustainability reports from the GRI database: an examination of influential variables

In the business context, many papers have examined whether certain variables can affect sustainability disclosure practices. However, research on universities has mainly been addressed to explore the extent of sustainability information reported with little focus on determining the factors that may affect it. This paper analyzes the influence exerted by some variables concerning the extent of information reported in the university sustainability reports included in this study. To accomplish this task, data were collected using a content analysis of the university sustainability reports extracted from the GRI sustainability disclosure database. The findings reveal that sustainability disclosure practices by universities are explained by different factors, among which are institutionalization, geographical region, external assurance and leadership. Such results are supported jointly by the underpinnings of the institutional and legitimacy theories in response to coercive and mimetic pressures and by the need to improve reputation in society.     

Preliminary investigation on the role of microorganisms in the production of phosphine

The relationships between the phosphine content and various microbial populations,activities of different enzymes were investigated firstly.The results indicated that the phosphine content of samples from various environments was positively related to total anaerobic microorganisms,organic phosphate compound-dissolving bacteria,denitrifying bacteria,and the activities of alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase,with correlation coefficients (R~2) up to 0.93,0.90,0.69,0.79,and 0.82,respectively.Results also...     

Fog simulation using a mesoscale model in and around the Yodo River Basin, Japan

In this study,fog simulations were conducted using the Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5) in and around the Yodo River Basin,Japan.The purpose is to investigate the MM5 performance of fog simulation for long-term periods.The simulations were performed for January,February,March,and July,2005 with a coarse 3-kin and a nested fine 1-km grid domains. Results of the simulations were compared with data from ten meteorological observatories,fog sampling site in Mt.Rokko,and visibility measu...     

新式干燥器法测定装饰装修材料中的甲醛含量

文章讨论了用于测定装饰装修材料中甲醛含量的干燥器-空气采样-酚试剂的新方法。对该方法的基本条件、方法的准确度、精密度做了初步的考察。这种方法的应用,将使装饰装修材料的检测数据与室内空气检测数据相统一,预测家具在购买到居民家中后的甲醛含量。只有严格控制板材的释放量才是保证室内空气符合国家标准的最有效的办法。     

浅谈生态矿山建设

矿山开采带来的生态环境问题主要包括地表景观破坏、土地资源破坏和生物多样性损失等,鉴于此,生态矿山建设具有重要的意义,主要表现在三个方面：首先从根本上解决矿山生态环境污染与防治问题,有利于国家生态安全和经济可持续发展;其次有利于消除矿山重大灾害源,显著减少矿山工程地质灾害的发生;第三,有利于充分利用矿产资源。生态矿山建设的原理主要是生态学原理,其建设内容可分为矿山开采期间的生态恢复建设和矿山服务期满后的生态恢复建设两部分。     

桉树人工林生态系统养分循环与平衡研究Ⅴ.桉树林间种山毛豆对土壤肥力与林木生长的作用

桉树人工林间种山毛豆对提高土壤肥力和促进林木生长有极其显著的作用。间种5年后，林地表层土壤有机质和全量养分N、P、K的质量分数，分别为18．21kg／hm^2、0．85kg/hm^2、0．43kg／hm^2、1．30kg/hm^2，而对照林地分别为13．70kg/hm^2、0.56kghm^2、0．34kg/hm^2、1．10kg/hm^2；林地土壤有效养分含量显著提高；土壤结构和土壤水分物理性质显著改善；桉树生长量显著增加，刚果W5桉平均株高增长16％，平均胸径增长22％，单位面积的木材蓄积量增加59％。     

低碳条件下土壤微生物量磷对加入无机磷的响应

土壤微生物量磷是土壤有效磷的“源”和“库”,其变化幅度很大,受多种因素影响。采用室内培养的方法,向土壤中加入不同量KH2PO4,分析在土壤有机碳供应不充足条件下土壤微生物量磷对外加无机磷的响应,探讨影响土壤微生物量磷的因素,为提高土壤磷素有效性提供理论依据。结果表明,在土壤有机碳供应不充足的条件下,加入的无机磷对土壤微生物量碳无明显影响,但可显著增加土壤微生物量磷和微生物含磷量,随着无机磷加入量的增加,土壤微生物量磷和微生物含磷量增加幅度增加。土壤微生物量磷及微生物含磷量与土壤有效磷之间成显著直线相关,土壤有效磷每提高1个单位,土壤微生物量磷增加0.22个单位,土壤微生物含磷量增加0.73个单位。