真菌漆酶及其在环境污染控制中的应用

综述漆酶的分子结构 ,催化机理及其在环境污染控制中的应用等方面的研究概况     

聚合物燃烧火焰辐射及其温度的估算

受限空间中，通风对于燃烧状况和火焰辐射特性有重要影响。本文根据火焰中炭颗粒的生成及其受通风的影响，提出了关于聚合物燃烧火焰辐射和平均辐射温度的估算方法。计算了几种典型聚合物的火焰辐射及其平均辐射温度，并讨论了通风、燃料组成、炭颗粒和燃烧尺度的影响，旨在加深认识通风条件对于火焰温度及其有关辐射特性的影响，为受限空间中燃烧过程的分析提供依据。     

壳聚糖分子量与絮凝剂投加量的关系模型

以不同分子量的壳聚糖为絮凝剂,絮凝3种不同初始浊度的皂土溶液,得到了壳聚糖分子量与絮凝剂最佳投加量的关系曲线,拟合得壳聚糖分子量和最佳投加量之间的关系模型,模型计算结果与实验数据点之间的相关系数分别为0.990 2,0.986 4,0.985 2.将此模型应用于实际自来水厂原水的壳聚糖絮凝处理过程,实验数据点与模型计算结果的相关系数达到了0.981 8,说明模型能够较好地应用于实际絮凝情况.      

压装高聚物粘结炸药湿法筛分的研究

针对高聚物粘结炸药的粒度分级 ,研究了一种以水为介质而具有本质安全性的筛分方法 ;根据界面化学原理采用添加润湿剂和消泡剂的技术使筛分工艺进一步完善。数种配方的应用表明 ,该法不仅具有安全、高效的特点 ,而且有利于提高产品的使用性能和安全性     

A New Test Method for Determining Biodegradation of Plastic Material Under Controlled Aerobic Conditions in a Soil-Simulation Solid Environment

A new test method is described for assessing biodegradation of plastic material under simulated soil conditions. An inert substrate can be activated with soil extract and nutrient and used in place of soil in biodegradation tests. The biodegradation level is evaluated by determining the carbon dioxide (CO₂) production released by the test reactors. Effects of substrate nature, solution pH, nutrient composition, soil extract concentration, and activation duration on CO₂ production were investigated, and the experimental conditions were optimized. Results obtained with cellulose showed a biodegradation rate of 80% within 28 days. Moreover, with this kind of substrate, reaction products and residues can be easily extracted and analysed.     

Development of combined coagulation-hydrolysis acidification-dynamic membrane bioreactor system for treatment of oilfield polymer-flooding wastewater

• We created a combined system for treating oilfield polymer-flooding wastewater. • The system was composed of coagulation, hydrolysis acidification and DMBR. • Coagulant integrated with demulsifier dominated the removal of crude oil. • The DMBR proceed efficiently without serious membrane fouling. A combined system composed of coagulation, hydrolysis acidification and dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR) was developed for treating the wastewater produced from polymer flooding. Performance and mechanism of the combined system as well as its respective units were also evaluated. The combined system has shown high-capacity to remove all contaminants in the influent. In this work, the coagulant, polyacrylamide-dimethyldiallyammonium chloride-butylacrylate terpolymer (P(DMDAAC-AM-BA)), integrated with demulsifier (SD-46) could remove 91.8% of crude oil and 70.8% of COD. Hydrolysis acidification unit improved the biodegradability of the influent and the experimental results showed that the highest acidification efficiency in hydrolysis acidification reactor was 20.36% under hydraulic retention time of 7 h. The DMBR proceeded efficiently without serious blockage process of membrane fouling, and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), oil, chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand in effluent were determined to be 3.4±2.1, 0.3±0.6, 89.7±21.3 and 13±4.7 mg/L.     

城市污泥两段式催化热解制合成气研究

为了把城市污泥中温热解产生的挥发性产物转化为可直接利用的洁净可燃性气体或重要的化工原料合成气,采用两段式热解装置对城市污泥进行了催化热解实验研究,讨论了不同催化剂对城市污泥热解挥发性产物的催化裂解能力,结果表明:城市污泥在热解终温500℃,热解液产率最大,超过500℃,热解液产率减少,热解气增多,固相产率基本不变;城市污泥热解液的裂解温度需在900℃以上,产生的气体组分主要为H2、CO、CH4等小分子非冷凝性气体;Ni/分子筛复合催化剂对热解液转化为合成气的作用效果较好,合成气体(H2+CO)体积含量占气体总量的85%以上.     

Mn-Co/MCM-41吸附剂表征及脱除烟气中单质汞研究

针对燃煤烟气中单质汞(Hg0)不溶于水而颇难去除的问题,采用浸渍法制备了不同Mn和Co物质的量比的Mn-Co/MCM-41介孔分子筛吸附剂,在固定床实验台架上考察了各吸附剂的脱汞效率.采用N2吸附/脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对吸附剂进行了物理化学性质表征.结果表明:Mn和Co复合后,吸附剂的脱汞效率显著提高.Mn/Co物质的量比为3/1时,吸附剂的脱汞效率最高,反应温度为150℃时,其脱汞效率高达90%.与单一组分Mn或Co负载MCM-41吸附剂相比,Co的掺杂不但使Mn和Co在MCM-41上的分散更均匀,还会促进Mn3+和Mn2+向Mn4+的转化和提高吸附剂的还原特性,增强吸附剂的脱汞性能.     

XAD-2树脂表征焦化厂土壤中高环PAHs的生物可给性

利用Amberlite XAD-2树脂辅助解吸技术表征某焦化厂土样中高环PAHs的解吸特征及其生物可给性,分析风险评估过程中考虑污染物生物可给性的可行性;采用傅里叶红外光谱法测试解吸前、后土样的红外光谱特征,判断不同土壤有机官能团对PAHs的吸附强弱. 结果表明:土样中PAHs前30 d的解吸速率明显大于后60 d(前者的解吸速率比后者高2～3个数量级),60 d后污染物解吸基本已达到平衡,整个过程符合两阶段解吸模型. 渗漏污染途径下土样中高环PAHs的生物可给性为0.18～0.47,低于大气沉降污染途径下表层土样中对应PAHs的生物可给性(1.00),表明在开展场地健康风险评估过程中,应考虑具体场地土壤中PAHs的生物可给性,以在一定程度上降低评估结果的保守性. 解吸前、后土样红外光谱特征整体无明显变化,解吸过程不改变土壤主要有机官能团类型,但解吸后土壤中羟基和羧基的峰强明显减弱,吸附于羟基及羧基上的PAHs可能更易解吸.