Fluid Mechanics of Serpentine Flow Fields on a Porous Media

Laminar flows are investigated in single and double parallel serpentine channels mounted on a porous media and it is found that significant convective transport occurs in porous media for practical fuel cell conditions. This transport increases with increasing flow Reynolds number, with decreasing land width, and most significantly with increasing channel length.

Increasing the number of parallel channels significantly decreases the pressure drop across the fuel cell, but also significantly decreases the magnitude of convective transport in the porous media. Increased parasitic loads must be put in the context of the change in electrochemical performance.

This paper presents both data and a methodology for beginning to think about flow field design from a hydrodynamic perspective.     

The Immobilization of Titanium Dioxide on Organic Polymers,for a Cost Effective and Energy Efficient Means of Improving Indoorair Quality

The formation and spray coating, with Degussa P25 titanium dioxide (TiO₂), of a room temperature curable resin to form a photocatalytically active material is described in this paper. The TiO₂ surface layers produced have been characteristed with the aid of scanning electron microscope analysis. The photocatalytic activity of the samples tested using a gas phase continuous flow type photoreactor, the test pollutant being propene. Analysis of the test results indicates the potential of TiO₂ coated polymers to form effective photocatalytic materials, with the potential to improve indoor air quality and reduce the energy consumption of ventilation systems.     

载体平衡离子对MnOx/ZSM-5催化NH3-SCR性能影响

采用不同平衡离子（H⁺、Na⁺和NH₄⁺）的ZSM-5改性分子筛制备MnO_x/ZSM-5催化剂,研究平衡离子对氨选择催化还原（NH₃-SCR）反应活性的影响.NH₃-SCR反应结果表明,NH₄-ZSM-5为载体时,催化剂表现出优异的低温SCR活性,而H-ZSM-5为载体的催化剂则在高温范围对NO_x具有较高的转化率.XRD、TEM、BET、Raman、H₂-TPR、XPS等表征结果显示,平衡离子可明显影响MnO_x在催化剂中的分散位置以及氧化还原性质.MZ-NH₄催化剂中活性组分MnO_x分散在载体外表面,颗粒尺寸较大,主要以Mn³⁺形式存在,对NO具有较强的氧化能力,进而促进“快速SCR”反应的进行.而H-ZSM-5为载体时,MnO_x主要被限域在载体孔道内形成限域催化剂,主要以Mn⁴⁺形式存在.活性研究和表征结果证明,活性组分分散在催化剂外表面,更有利于低温SCR反应的进行.     

天然沸石结构对合成分子筛吸附脱氮性能影响

针对污水厂尾水深度脱氨问题,从国内几个典型的天然沸石矿床中选取了4种天然沸石（记为A、B、C、D）,运用直接碱溶-水热晶化合成工艺制备分子筛,测定了各自的氨氮吸附性能;并采用XRF、XRD等表征方法,对比分析了4种天然沸石在元素组成及矿物含量方面的差异,结合4种合成产物的晶体结构、元素组成、表面形貌分析结果,探讨了天然沸石材料特性对合成产物吸附性能的影响.结果表明：与沸石原料相比,4种合成产物的氨氮吸附性能均得到明显提升,其中C和A沸石合成产物的氨氮吸附量较高,均达到15mg/g以上;合成产物的氨氮吸附性能与沸石原料的碱溶性硅溶出量有正相关关系;碱溶性硅主要来自于天然沸石原料中的方石英、斜发沸石、丝光沸石、透长石等矿物组分,而结构稳定的石英不易被碱溶活化利用.合成产物为含有不同类型分子筛及其它矿物成分的混合物,碱溶性硅溶出量高的C和A沸石均合成了A型、X型分子筛,氨氮吸附性能较好;而B和D沸石合成产物主要为孔径小于铵根离子粒径的方钠石分子筛,其氨氮吸附性能较差.因此,利用天然沸石合成分子筛用于污水脱氨时,应尽量选择石英矿物含量少、碱溶性矿物占比高的沸石原料.     

有机酸强化Fe(Ⅲ)还原介导的Shewanella oneidensis MR-1降解磺胺甲噁唑

在实验室条件下,研究了Shewanella oneidensis MR-1对磺胺甲噁唑（Sulfamethoxazole,SMX）的降解特性以及低分子有机酸强化Fe（Ⅲ）还原介导的S.oneidensis MR-1对SMX的降解.结果表明,S.oneidensis MR-1对不同浓度SMX的降解能力与体系中的有机酸和Fe（Ⅲ）密切相关.低浓度SMX对其生长影响不大,高浓度时细菌生长则受到抑制,进而抑制SMX的降解率.当低分子有机酸单独加入体系后,S.oneidensis MR-1对SMX的最大降解率为58.5%;Fe（Ⅲ）单独加入体系后,S.oneidensis MR-1对SMX的最大降解率为67.6%.此外,当柠檬酸和Fe（OH）₃同时加入体系后,S.oneidensis MR-1对SMX生物降解和铁还原作用促进效果最显著,培养5 d后SMX降解率为90.3%.最后,采用液相色谱-质谱联用仪（LC-MS）对SMX的降解中间产物进行了分析,推测SMX的可能降解途径是由S-N键断裂引起的.本研究以期为地下水污染场地修复提供理论依据.     

4种玉米水解肽的除草活性及与相对分子质量的关系

以碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶4种蛋白酶为水解酶制备玉米蛋白水解肽,用培养皿生物分析法检测在不同浓度(0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0 mg.mL-1)下的4种玉米蛋白水解肽对光鳞水蜈蚣(Kyllingabrevitoliavar.leiolepis)种子萌发过程中根系生长的抑制活性;采用超滤法制备相对分子质量不同的肽段并比较其除草活性。结果表明:不同浓度下的4种玉米蛋白水解肽对光鳞水蜈蚣种子萌发过程中根系生长均有抑制作用,且随着水解肽浓度的增高,其对根系生长的抑制活性增强;碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶制备的玉米蛋白粉水解肽对根系生长的抑制活性明显高于风味蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶制备的玉米蛋白粉水解肽。相对分子质量不同的玉米蛋白粉水解肽对根系生长的抑制活性存在差异,5 000 u以下的小分子肽具有更高的抑制活性。     

Characterization of dissolved organic matter fractions from Lake Hongfeng, Southwestern China Plateau

With XAD-series and ion exchange resins, dissolved organic matter (DOM) from Lake Hongfeng in Southwestern China Plateau was isolated into 6 fractions, i.e., humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), hydrophobic neutrals (HON), hydrophilic acids (HIA), hydrophilic bases (HIB) and hydrophilic neutrals (HIN). Those fractions were characterized by high performance size exclusion chromatography, fluorescence spectroscopy and UV absorbance. Among the 6 fractions, FA was predominant and accounted for 51% of the total DOM. The weight-average (M_w) and number-averaged (M_n) molecular weight of these fractions ranged from 1688 to 2355 Da and from 1338 to 1928 Da, respectively. A strong correlation was observed between specific UV absorbance at 280 nm, E₂/E₃ (absorbance at 250 nm to 365 nm), and the molecular weight for DOM fractions. UV-Vis fulvic-like fluorescence peaks were found in all fractions. Protein-like fluorescence peaks existed in HON may indicate that microbial activity was severely in Lake Hongfeng. There was a significant relationship between fluorescence intensities and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm for those DOM fractions, suggesting their similar luminescence characteristics. The values of fluorescence index (f_450/500) indicated that hydrophobic fractions may derive from terrestrial sources, and the hydrophilic fractions from microbial and terrestrial origins. Those results suggest that there were inter-relationships between molecular weight, fluorescence and absorbance characteristics, and also subtle consistencies between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and the sources for these 6 fractions from Lake Hongfeng.     

GAC-石英砂生物过滤处理微污染源水的特性

通过试验探讨了颗粒活性炭(GAC)-石英砂生物过滤对湘江微污染源水的处理特性.结果表明,生物过滤具有良好的去浊特性,浊度的去除是传统吸附截留和生物吸附共同作用的结果;生物过滤可有效去除微污染源水中的有机物、NH₄⁺-N、Fe和Mn,提高饮用水生物稳定性;生物过滤对于分子量小于1000和分子量在3000～6000之间的有机物有较好的去除效果.     

筑坝蓄水对不同水深浮游微生物群落结构和种间互作模式的影响

微生物群落之间通过直接或间接的关系相互作用,在生态过程中发挥重要作用,然而目前对于水库微生物种间互作模式的关注仍然较少.选择江苏省横山水库为研究区域,分别采集表层及深层水样,探究浮游微生物群落结构和分子生态网络对水深变化的响应规律,并辨识不同水深处浮游微生物群落的关键物种.结果发现,表层浮游微生物丰富度及均匀度均高于深层,且不同深度浮游微生物群落结构具有显著差异.水深通过改变环境异质性间接对浮游微生物群落产生影响,其中总有机碳（TOC）、硝酸盐（NO^-₃）、铵盐（NH⁺₄）和磷酸盐(PO₄^3-)等指标对浮游微生物群落结构影响最为显著.此外,深层浮游微生物分子生态网络的节点数和边数均显著高于表层,且深层浮游微生物群落中关键物种数目和种类均显著高于表层,表明深层浮游微生物群落网络规模更大,但表层浮游微生物群落种间协同合作关系和网络连通性更强.上述结果将为水库微生物群落种间相互作用研究提供科学依据,对预测水库生态系统中微生物的生态规律及全球物质循环影响具有重要意...     

芳烃化合物水溶解度及分配系数的估算

将分子连接性指数法(Molecular Connectivity Index,MCI)与几何平均连接性指数法(Geometrical Mean Connectivity Index,GMCI)相结合,改进了GMCI的点价计算方法。使用新方法计算了34种芳烃化合物0～4阶指数的点价值,并分别通过对溶解度和点价值,分配系数和点价值进行逐步多元回归分析,建立了新的指数和溶解度、分配系数之间的定量关系模型,回归方程的相关系数为0.961、0.962,都达到了良好级,估计标准误差为0.3454、0.2674,优于MCI法和GMCI法。