九寨沟旅游设施非点源污染人工降雨实验

对九寨沟国家公园的旅游设施(栈道和公路)进行了人工降雨试验的设计、操作和测试数据分析.模拟试验选择6处公路和栈道试验区,采用人工降雨方法模拟历时30min的降雨.试验中按3 min间隔对各试验场降雨径流带出的总磷负荷进行现场监测.对公路和栈道降雨径流和浓度特征分别进行了相似性和异同性分析.     

沥青固化城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的实验研究

对利用沥青固化城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的处理效果进行了实验研究.探讨了沥青与飞灰以不同比例混合对飞灰重金属Pb,Cr,Cd,Ni,Cu,Zn固化效果的影响.并对沥青与飞灰的质量比(mAS mFA,其中AS代表沥青,FA代表飞灰)为0 2时作了进一步的研究,在此基础上加入不同比例的添加剂S和NaOH.结果表明,在沥青与飞灰的混合物中再加适当比例的添加剂,对飞灰的固化效果大大提高.     

矿井多功能报警仪智能充装MIS系统的开发与应用

为了减少因报警仪管理不善而引发的矿井安全事故,强化对报警仪充装设备的智能化管理,尽可能地消除传统C/S管理模式存在的固有安全隐患,提出了.NET结构在生产矿井多功能报警仪智能充装管理信息系统中的具体应用模式,开发了基于B/S多层结构的报警仪智能充装MIS系统。该系统以SQL Server 2008作为数据库服务器,采用ADO.NET进行数据库访问,经在山东新河矿业公司投入使用,具有系统运行稳定、快捷等特点,从而实现了报警仪的智能化、网络化管理。该研究对矿山的安全管理具有重要的意义。     

滨州高速公路径流污染特征分析

采用现场连续取样,对长深高速滨州段路面径流排水进行监测,探讨了路面雨水径流污染物的出流规律以及各污染物之间的相关性。结果表明:高速公路路面径流有较高的污染强度,汛期开始时降雨径流中COD、SS、TP、TN和NH3-N的事件平均浓度(EMCs)分别为292,366,0.85,7.52和2.75mg/L;降雨量大、初期降雨强度大的降雨事件,初期效应显著,径流形成30min后,COD、SS、TP、TN和NH3-N的浓度降为径流初期的29.4%,35.0%,59.2%,58.7%和64.5%,降雨量小、降雨强度小的降雨事件,整个降雨过程污染物浓度没有明显的降低趋势;初期降雨强度大的降雨事件,初期以颗粒态COD为主,中等降雨强度的降雨事件,颗粒态与溶解态COD的浓度在同一水平波动;SS与COD,TP有显著的相关性,颗粒物携带污染是高速公路径流污染的重要来源之一。     

Effect of aging level on viscoelastic properties of asphalt binder containing waste polyethylene

Due to inherent advantages, waste polyethylene (generated from domestic sources) has been used as asphalt modifier. This article discusses viscoelastic properties of the polyethylene modified asphalt binder. Several asphalt concrete mixtures were designed by varying polyethylene and asphalt content. Shredded polyethylene incorporated into asphalt concrete by dry mixing process. Using optimised asphalt content (at several polyethylene percentages), mixtures were prepared and compacted. These compacted specimens were aged for different duration in convection oven. Asphalt binder (from aged specimens) was extracted and tested for its viscoelastic properties using dynamic shear rheometer. Comparison of mastercurves indicated increase in complex modulus and decrease in phase angle values with addition of polyethylene at all reduced frequencies. However, the extent of change was highly dependent on frequency, aging duration and polyethylene content. This indicates that the addition of polyethylene provides more resilience to asphalt binder especially with less aging time. Storage modulus mastercurves (at lower frequencies) and relaxation modulus values (at longer time) indicate polyethylene provides additional stiffening to binder. Further, changes in viscous modulus with addition of polyethylene were marginal. Overall results indicate that waste polyethylene improves the properties of asphalt binder over extended loading period when heated for less time during mixing.     

废胶粉改性沥青研究与应用现状

随着汽车工业的飞速发展,废旧轮胎已成为一大公害,废旧轮胎资源化利用是解决这一难题的有效途径之一。将废胶粉应用于改性沥青,既可利用废物优化沥青路面,又能减少环境污染。介绍国内外废胶粉改性沥青的应用现状,并对废胶粉改性沥青机理及性能影响因素进行了总结,重点分析了废胶粉改性沥青的储存稳定性问题及其解决办法,指出用废胶粉对沥青进行改性具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

废旧轮胎在国内外道路工程中的应用现状

汽车工业的发展和汽车数量的增加,在给人民生活带来方便的同时,也产生了大量的废旧轮胎。废旧轮胎的堆积和不当处理,将对生态环境带来严重的污染,国内外学者对废旧轮胎的综合利用开展了大量的研究,将废旧轮胎经粉碎等处理制成橡胶沥青,应用于道路工程不仅提高了道路的耐热等性能,而且减少了生态环境污染,具有良好的社会效益、经济效益和环境效益。本文介绍了国内外对废旧轮胎在道路工程中的应用情况,通过与国外研究和工程实践的对比,指出了我国在此方面研究中存在的问题,为进一步废旧轮胎在道路工程中综合利用提供指导作用。     

LCCA and environmental LCA for highway pavement selection in Colorado

The roadway network in the USA earned a grade of D representing poor condition in the latest report card from the American Society of Civil Engineers. To maintain economic and environmental sustainability during the roadway network development and rehabilitation, it is critical to apply sustainable materials and intelligent design. A good estimation on project-level life-cycle costs and environmental impacts is one of the important steps in the highway investment decision-making process. This article examines the current life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) practice employed by the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) in their pavement investment decision-making process, and proposes a regional environmental life-cycle assessment (LCA) model to evaluate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with Colorado highway pavements. Both LCCA and LCA are performed for a highway reconstruction project with Portland cement concrete pavement (PCCP) and hot-mixed asphalt (HMA) alternatives. The LCCA is 7.4% in favour of HMA. Since the difference is less than 10%, it indicates equivalent designs. However, in the LCA, the GHG emission from PCCP is 26% less than the HMA over the 40-year analysis period. The vehicle fuel consumption will increase due to the deterioration of pavements. But the increased user cost is not included in the current LCCA employed by CDOT as well as user cost due to crashes and nonuser costs. The LCA can be an optional criterion for the selection of the preliminary pavement type.     

大都市郊野乡村多功能评价及其空间布局——以上海89个郊野镇为例

客观评价大都市郊野乡村多功能及空间布局特征,是分类制订精细化乡村振兴策略的关键之一。通过构建大都市郊野乡村“生态环境—休闲文化—农业生产—经济发展—生活保障”多功能评价方法,使用多源空间数据、统计数据及调查数据,评价上海郊野89个镇的多功能值,提出镇域多功能发展类型及空间布局特征。结果表明：（1）上海市89个镇多功能发展存在显著差异。各项功能按照均值排序为生态环境（0.7674）>经济发展（0.6054）>农业生产（0.5882）>生活保障（0.5238）>休闲文化（0.2525）;（2）生态环境高值区域主要分布在崇明岛、青浦西部和奉贤南部,农业生产高值区主要位于浦东南部、奉贤及金山、崇明南部和青浦,经济发展高值区主要位于中心城周边和新城周边区域的28个镇,生活保障低值区主要位于紧邻中心城与最偏远区域两类共29个镇,休闲文化高值区主要位于与中心城距离最偏远的松江、青浦、金山;（3）郊野镇多功能发展可划分为高均衡型、低均衡型和非均衡—混合发展型、非均衡—传统维持型和非均衡—城市化型共五种模式,仅浦江镇等10个镇为多功能高均衡发展模式,占11.24%。论文建立的评价方法及研究结论可为探索精细化都市郊野乡村振兴政策提供理论依据。     

道路沥青中长寿命自由基特征及二次生成

本研究运用电子顺磁共振波谱方法（EPR）发现道路沥青中含有大量的环境持久性自由基（EPFRs）,说明道路沥青可能是道路源大气颗粒物中EPFRs的重要来源途径.因此,进一步通过溶剂萃取从沥青中分离出不同极性组分,研究不同沥青组分中EPFRs的含量和种类分布特征,并且在这基础上探究道路沥青在光化学作用下二次生成EPFRs的潜能和特征.结果表明：沥青中含有的EPFRs类型是以碳原子为中心的自由基和以氧原子为中心的自由基混合存在（g=2.0032~2.0038）,主要可能是芳烃类自由基和半醌自由基.沥青中EPFRs主要存在于不可萃取组分和二氯甲烷可萃取组分中,推测沥青大多数的EPFRs可能源于沥青中的大分子芳香化合物和酚类组分.沥青在模拟太阳光照射后,可生成10%~20%的二次EPFRs,并且发现新生成的主要是以g因子较大的氧原子为中心的EPFRs.