Pesticide Impact Rating Index – A Pesticide Risk Indicator for Water Quality

Pesticide users, natural resource managers, regulators, government agencies and many others are concerned about the off-site impact of pesticides on the environment. Systematic methods of the assessment of potential risk of pesticides to environmental components can serve as valuable tools in decision making and policy formulation. Simple risk indicators have been developed which cover a range of scenarios such as toxicity to organisms, health of farm workers, consumer health, and residues in harvested produce. The authors have developed a software package named Pesticide Impact Rating Index (PIRI) that outputs an improved pesticide risk indicator for water quality. PIRI is a standalone, user-friendly, platform-independent program. It can be used to (i) rank pesticides in terms of their relative pollution potential to groundwater or surface water, and (ii) to compare different land uses in a catchment or at a regional scale in terms of their relative impact on water quality. It is based on pesticides use; the pathway through which the pesticides are released to the water resources (drift, runoff, erosion, leaching) and the value of the water resources threatened. Each component is quantified using pesticide characteristics (including toxicity to organisms at different trophic levels, i.e. fish, daphnia, algae, etc.), environmental and site conditions (e.g. organic carbon content of soil, water input, slope of land, soil loss, recharge rate, depth of water table, etc.). This paper describes two case studies of the application of PIRI in Australia. The comparison of the risk assessment by PIRI on these revealed that PIRI correctly estimated the pollution potential of pesticides in greater than 80% of cases. A GIS version of PIRI is described in a companion paper in this volume. An erratum to this article is available at .     

采油厂HSE监督检查管理系统创建实践研究

本文根据采油厂生产过程风险特点,以生产单元为对象,通过建立全员参与的HSE监督检查体系,实现对采油厂HSE监督检查标准的统一规范,利用开发的HSE监督检查信息集成平台,创建完成采油厂HSE监督检查管理系统。在大庆油田第五采油厂的应用实践显示,其能为采油厂带来巨大的风险管理效益,是全面落实直线与属地HSE责任的有效载体。对于采油厂有效实施HSE监督检查具有重大意义,是HSE管理制度的一种创新。     

Plant blindness and the implications for plant conservation

Plant conservation initiatives lag behind and receive considerably less funding than animal conservation projects. We explored a potential reason for this bias: a tendency among humans to neither notice nor value plants in the environment. Experimental research and surveys have demonstrated higher preference for, superior recall of, and better visual detection of animals compared with plants. This bias has been attributed to perceptual factors such as lack of motion by plants and the tendency of plants to visually blend together but also to cultural factors such as a greater focus on animals in formal biological education. In contrast, ethnographic research reveals that many social groups have strong bonds with plants, including nonhierarchical kinship relationships. We argue that plant blindness is common, but not inevitable. If immersed in a plant‐affiliated culture, the individual will experience language and practices that enhance capacity to detect, recall, and value plants, something less likely to occur in zoocentric societies. Therefore, conservation programs can contribute to reducing this bias. We considered strategies that might reduce this bias and encourage plant conservation behavior. Psychological research demonstrates that people are more likely to support conservation of species that have human‐like characteristics and that support for conservation can be increased by encouraging people to practice empathy and anthropomorphism of nonhuman species. We argue that support for plant conservation may be garnered through strategies that promote identification and empathy with plants.     

ABC算法优化SVR的磨损故障预测模型

目的为了提高故障预测的精度,针对支持向量回归SVR(Support vector machine for regression,SVR)参数选择困难的问题,提出一种采用人工蜂群(artificial bee colony,ABC)算法优化支持向量回归(SVR)的故障预测模型(ABC-SVR)。方法该模型先对样本数据进行重构,然后将故障预测误差(适应度)作为优化目标,通过ABC算法寻优找到最优的SVR参数,建立故障预测模型。最后通过实例仿真验证模型的优越性。结果采用ABC算法优化的SVR故障预测模型进行时间序列预测,能够较好地跟踪发动机滑油金属元素浓度的变化过程,并且能够提前2个取样时间预测异常情况的出现。结论 ABC-SVR模型有效解决了SVR参数选择难题,能够更加准确地表现故障变化规律,提高了故障预测精度。     

基于微信公众平台的空气质量显示系统的设计与实现研究

空气质量的好坏直接影响着人类的出行和健康,创建便于查询的空气质量显示系统,可以使人们简单直观的了解当日的空气质量指数(AQI).随着互联网的迅猛发展,"微信"逐渐成了人们日常通信的重要工具.本系统利用物联网技术与微信公众平台相结合,提出了空气质量显示系统的设计与实现方案,来建设空气质量显示系统.该系统可从各个区内监测点得到空气质量指数数据,进而将每日各个时段的空气质量指数(AQI)以动态图的方式直观清晰的展示给用户,为人们的出行带来了方便.     

危险废物交易信息化体系建设初探

分析了我国目前实施危险废物交易的意义和必要性及危险废物交易现状,提出在危险废物交易还处于市场化运行的初级阶段,引入信息化技术,为危险废物交易同时提供监管和市场化平台,建立健全配套的管理制度和办法,是实现危险废物的循环利用和经济可持续发展的有效途径之一。     

新型机械澄清池设备的设计及在尾矿水处理中的应用

国内现有的机械加速澄清池因池体及设备结构的原因,存在刮泥耙直径小、驱动扭矩低,高负荷时排泥差等问题,不能满足用户对设备大池径（大于Ф29m）、大处理量、高效澄清、多用途的要求。介绍了新型澄清池设备的工艺、结构设计及特点。新型机械澄清池设备通过对池体结构的改进设计,及对刮泥机、提升搅拌机、排泥防堵搅拌机三者同心套装结构,扭矩可达百万牛顿米的带齿回转支承及多组电机同步驱动的刮泥耙驱动机构,池周边增设斜板及集水装置等方面的设计,实现了池径大于qb29in机械澄清池的设计制造,填补了国内该项目的空白,经矿山尾矿水处理实际应用证明效果理想。     

生物物种信息平台建设进展研究

信息技术的突飞猛进和互联网的迅速扩张,为生物多样性信息的收集、存储、提交、检索、分析、传播和使用带来了革命性的发展。生物多样性数据和信息服务的内容逐步从单一的名录数据库建设转向为多学科交叉的综合信息服务平台。本文结合国家生物多样性保护专项,在介绍国内外主流生物多样性信息平台建设现状的基础上,分析了我国现有平台存在的问题,并对下一步如何完善和推进平台应用进行探讨。     

海上移动式平台安全信息预警与保护装置研制

介绍了一种基于海洋移动式平台应用的安全信息预警与保护装置的研制,实现具有移动式平台海上安全信息采集、记录、预警、保护及再现等功能。     

外军装备维修及对我军弹药维修的启示

首先介绍了外军装备维修的现状和发展趋势,之后指出了我军弹药维修存在的问题,最后得出对我军弹药维修保障发展的启示。认为我军弹药维修保障应向军民一体化方向发展,开展全寿命保障,提高保障信息化水平,进行弹药两级维修体制的论证,并倡导绿色维修的新理念。