土壤渗滤介质系统去除雨水径流污染物

利用昆明当地的土壤在室内填装一个土柱渗滤系统,使用配水浓度模拟昆明市区雨水径流污染物浓度,进行去除雨水径流污染物的实验研究,考察系统对COD、TN、NH4＋、NO3^-、NO2^-和TP的去除效果。实验结果表明,该土壤渗滤系统对COD平均去除率为82．04％,对TN的平均去除率为22．64％,对NH;平均去除率为94．26％,但是对NO3^-、NO2^-去除效果较差,对TP平均去除率为96．95％;另外,系统长期运行导致下渗速度降低,出水效果反而变好。     

基于GT-Power柴油机颗粒捕集器捕集性能的仿真研究

利用GT-Power软件建立了柴油机颗粒捕集器(DPF)仿真模型,进行了仿真计算。研究了颗粒捕集器本身结构参数对其捕集效率与压降的影响。结果表明,影响颗粒捕集器捕集效率的主要参数有通道密度(CPSI)、过滤体孔隙率、过滤体微孔直径以及过滤壁厚度;影响颗粒物压降的主要参数有通道密度、过滤体渗透率、过滤体孔隙率以及过滤壁厚度。     

油田压裂废液处理及回注实验

油田压裂废液具有高COD、高悬浮物等特点,处理达标难度大。以悬浮固体含量、悬浮固体颗粒粒径中值和含油量为指标,实验研究了混凝、微滤膜过滤技术参数,最佳条件为:絮凝剂投加量800～1 000mg/L,助凝剂投加量9～10mg/L,快速搅拌G值250～300s--1,慢速搅拌G值约50s--1,经50、10μm两级微滤膜过滤后悬浮固体含量、粒径中值、含油量满足SY/T 5329-2012《碎屑岩油藏注水水质指标及分析方法》标准要求。该方法工艺简单,成本低,在一定程度上解决了压裂废液难处理的问题。     

南四湖水质空间分布监测分析与水环境问题解析

南四湖作为南水北调东线工程重要的输水通道和调蓄湖泊,其水质状况一直受到人们的广泛关注。根据南四湖水质空间分布监测数据,按平均综合污染指数Pj>2的标准共筛选出29个重污染测点,其中有19个处于重污染河口外混合区,说明南四湖污染物主要来自于重污染河流;南四湖2006年秋和2007年春监测的总体平均综合污染指数分别为2.12和1.98,表明南四湖污染依然相当严重,而且秋季比春季水质更差,按湖区南阳湖、微山湖岛北、小北湖的水质最差,特别是南阳湖水质四项主要指标平均超标2倍以上。南四湖两次监测CODcr、TP、TN的单项污染分摊率平均值依次为30.6%、36.0%、33.4%,表明南四湖的主要污染物是TP、TN、CODcr。因此,在调整区域内重污染企业工业结构的同时,应实行管辖区内工业和城市生活等污水的深度处理和截蓄导用,严格执行水污染物排放标准和总量控制指标。     

Removal of dissolved organic matter in municipal effluent with ozonation, slow sand filtration and nanofiltration as high quality pre-treatment option for artificial groundwater recharge

In the paper the combination process of ozonation, slow sand filtration (SSF) and nanofiltration (NF) was investigated with respect to dissolved organic matter (DOM) removal as high quality pre-treatment option for artificial groundwater recharge. With the help of ozonation leading to breakdown of the large organic molecules, SSF preferentially removes soluble microbial by-product-like substances and DOM with molecular weight (MW) less than 1.0 kDa. NF, however, removes aromatic, humic acid-like and fulvic acid-like substances efficiently and specially removes DOM with MW above 1.0 kDa. The residual DOM of the membrane permeate is dominated by small organics with MW 500 Da, which can be further reduced by the aquifer treatment, despite of the very low concentration. Consequently, the O₃/SSF/NF system offers a complementary process in DOM removal. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) can be reduced from 6.5 ± 1.1 to 0.7 ± 0.3 mg L⁻¹ and from 267 ± 24 to 52 ± 6 μg L⁻¹, respectively. The very low DOC concentration of 0.6 ± 0.2 mg L⁻¹ and THMFP of 44 ± 4 μg L⁻¹ can be reached after the aquifer treatment.     

The association between total urinary arsenic concentration and renal dysfunction in a community-based population from central Taiwan

Arsenic (As) is an important environmental toxicant that can cause cancer and cardiovascular disease, but the relationship between As exposure and renal dysfunction is not clear. The aim of this study is to examine the association between As exposure and renal dysfunction in a community-based population in central Taiwan. One thousand and forty-three subjects were recruited between 2002 and 2005. The risk for type 2 diabetes was increased by 2-fold (p < 0.05) in subjects with total urinary As (U-As) > 75 μg g⁻¹ creatinine as compared with subjects whose U-As was ?35 μg g⁻¹ creatinine after the adjustment for potential confounders. The adjusted odds ratio for an abnormal β2 microglobulin (B2MG > 0.154 mg L⁻¹) was significantly higher in subjects with U-As > 35 μg g⁻¹ creatinine as compared with the reference group adjusted for age, sex, living area, cigarette smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. The risk for abnormal B2MG and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR < 90 mL min⁻¹ (1.73 m²)⁻¹) was both increased around 2-fold (p < 0.05) in subjects with U-As > 75 μg g⁻¹ creatinine as compared with those with U-As ? 35 μg g⁻¹ creatinine adjusted for all the risk factors plus lead (Pb), cadmium and nickel. The prevalence of abnormal B2MG was 4.82 times higher in subjects with both over the median levels of U-As (85.1 μg L⁻¹) and urinary Pb (18.9 μg L⁻¹) as compared to both lower than the median (p < 0.001). These results indicate that U-As might relate to renal dysfunction even other important risk factors were taken into account. Follow-up studies for causal inference are warranted.     

光-Fenton氧化破解剩余污泥和改善污泥脱水性能

利用紫外光-Fenton（光-Fenton）氧化处理城市剩余污泥,通过上清液的SCOD、多聚糖以及蛋白质浓度表征污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）的破解情况,通过污泥过滤比阻（SRF）和滤饼含水率表征污泥脱水性能的变化。结果表明,光．Fenton氧化破解污泥EPS和改善污泥脱水性能的效能明显优于单独Fenton反应和单独紫外光照射处理。pH为3、反应时间为2h,H2O2投加量为4g／L和Fe^2＋投加量为0．6mg／L是光-Fenton氧化处理供试污泥的适宜条件。在适宜处理条件下,污泥上清液中的SCOD、多聚糖和蛋白质浓度分别由67．46mg／L、12．53mg／L和8．62mg／L增加到568．12mg／L、448．62mg／L和292．94mg／L;SRF和滤饼含水率分别由2．4×10^S2／g和88．52％下降至5．26×10^8S^2／g和76．36％。光-Fenton反应在有效破懈污泥的同时,提高了污泥的脱水性能．有利于污泥的减量化。     

蚯蚓对毛细管渗滤沟生活污水处理效果的影响

采用添加蚯蚓的毛细管渗滤沟A和没有蚯蚓的毛细管渗滤沟B对生活污水处理进行对比实验研究,同时考察毛细管渗滤沟中蚯蚓的数量变化和添加蚯蚓对土壤结构的影响。实验结果表明：蚯蚓对毛细管渗滤沟处理有机物有促进作用,蚯蚓的加入可以改变土壤结构,提高土壤孔隙率,增加出水溶解氧。反过来,毛细管渗滤沟为蚯蚓生存、繁殖提供了适宜条件,在土...     

饮食业油烟净化工艺的新探索

针对饮食业厨房油烟组成及污染特点 ,在比较现有净化技术优缺点的基础上 ,提出了雾化湿法与过滤吸附相结合的油烟净化新工艺 ,且对油烟净化方法进行了新的探索。试验结果表明 :雾化湿法与过滤吸附相结合的净化工艺对油烟的去除效率在 92 %以上 ,净化后的油烟排放浓度符合国家标准 ,适合中、小型餐馆使用。     

化学混凝与曝气生物滤池组合工艺用于再生水处理中试研究

将化学混凝与曝气生物滤池(BAF)结合,利用混凝处理和生物膜过滤的双重作用,对城市污水处理厂二级处理出水进行深度处理,以实现污水的回用.结果表明:在原水ρ(COD_Cr),ρ(SS)和ρ(氨氮)分别为78,11和13 mg/L,色度为12倍时,出水ρ(COD_Cr),ρ(SS)和ρ(氨氮)分别为38,3和7mg/L左右,色度为2倍左右.相对于单独使用BAF,组合工艺对COD_Cr的去除率有所提高,色度去除率提高明显(50%左右).膨胀聚丙烯(EPP)填料最佳SS和COD_Cr去除率对应的滤层高度分别为1.0和2.5 m,在较高滤层处,氨氮去除率上升较快.