Membrane fouling controlled by coagulation/adsorption during direct sewage membrane filtration (DSMF) for organic matter concentration

Unlike the role of the membrane in a membrane bioreactor, which is designed to replace a sediment tank, direct sewage membrane filtration (DSMF), with the goal of concentrating organic matters, is proposed as a pretreatment process in a novel sewage treatment concept. The concept of membrane-based pretreatment is proposed to divide raw sewage into a concentrated part retaining most organics and a filtered part with less pollutant remaining, so that energy recovery and water reuse, respectively, could be realized by post-treatment. A pilot-scale experiment was carried out to verify the feasibility of coagulant/adsorbent addition for membrane fouling control, which has been the main issue during this DSMF process. The results showed that continuous coagulant addition successfully slowed down the increase in filtration resistance, with the resistance maintained below 1.0 × 10¹³ m^− 1 in the first 70 hr before a jump occurred. Furthermore, the adsorbent addition contributed to retarding the occurrence of the filtration resistance jump, achieving simultaneous fouling control and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration improvement. The final concentrated COD amounted to 7500 mg/L after 6 days of operation.     

长沙市敢胜垸污水处理厂深度处理工艺的筛选研究

在二级生物处理工艺确定后,深度处理工艺的选择是保证整个工程出水水质的关键。过滤是污水深度处理工艺中最重要的工序,用以去除原水经沉淀后的残留絮体和杂质,具体依据出水效果、处理效率、投资成本和占地等各方面,确定采用深床过滤工艺。从整体优化的角度出发,结合设计规模,进水水质特征和出水水质要求以及当地的实际条件和要求,选择切实可行且经济合理的深度处理工艺方案,是实现整个长沙市敢胜垸污水处理厂最佳工艺方案的保障。     

超高温烟气过滤除尘的研究进展

指出了过滤除尘在超高温除尘方面的优势。总结了近期在超高温烟气过滤过程中的过滤机理研究进展,列举了从300～900℃温度范围内应用的各种滤材,描述了各类滤材的优缺点。     

分离高浓度污泥产酸发酵液的自生动态膜形成机制

采用自生生物动态膜分离高浓度污泥发酵液,研究了动态膜的形成过程及其对污泥发酵液的分离效果.结果表明,自生动态膜的形成过程受污泥浓度的影响较小,污泥浓度仅影响初始膜通量,不影响稳定时的膜通量.膜通量随着滤布孔径和搅拌速度的增大而增大.动态膜的形成过程符合死端过滤模型,分别由以下4个过程构成:先通过与膜基材孔径相似的污泥颗粒堵塞膜基材孔,其后在膜基材上形成单层污泥,进而在膜基材上形成多层污泥,最后,大颗粒污泥继续沉积到污泥层上.动态膜形成后,对污泥颗粒和溶解性COD(SCOD)的截留率分别为98%和28%,对挥发性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acids,VFAs)的渗透率在82%以上,胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)中的蛋白质是动态膜的主要成分.     

Experimental evidence of colloids and nanoparticles presence from 25 waste leachates

The potential colloids release from a large panel of 25 solid industrial and municipal waste leachates, contaminated soil, contaminated sediments and landfill leachates was studied. Standardized leaching, cascade filtrations and measurement of element concentrations in the microfiltrate (MF) and ultrafiltrate (UF) fraction were used to easily detect colloids potentially released by waste. Precautions against CO₂ capture by alkaline leachates, or bacterial re-growth in leachates from wastes containing organic matter should be taken. Most of the colloidal particles were visible by transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersion spectrometry (TEM–EDS) if their elemental MF concentration is greater than 200 μg l^?1. If the samples are dried during the preparation for microscopy, neoformation of particles can occur from the soluble part of the element. Size distribution analysis measured by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) were frequently unvalid, particularly due to polydispersity and/or too low concentrations in the leachates. A low sensitivity device is required, and further improvement is desirable in that field. For some waste leachates, particles had a zeta potential strong enough to remain in suspension. Mn, As, Co, Pb, Sn, Zn had always a colloidal form (MF concentration/UF concentration > 1.5) and total organic carbon (TOC), Fe, P, Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni are partly colloidal for more than half of the samples). Nearly all the micro-pollutants (As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, V and Zn) were found at least once in colloidal form greater than 100 μg l^?1. In particular, the colloidal forms of Zn were always by far more concentrated than its dissolved form. The TEM–EDS method showed various particles, including manufactured nanoparticles (organic polymer, TiO₂, particles with Sr, La, Ce, Nd). All the waste had at least one element detected as colloidal. The solid waste leachates contained significant amount of colloids different in elemental composition from natural ones. The majority of the elements were in colloidal form for wastes of packaging (3), a steel slag, a sludge from hydrometallurgy, composts (2), a dredged sediment (#18), an As contaminated soil and two active landfill leachates.These results showed that cascade filtration and ICP elemental analysis seems valid methods in this field, and that electronic microscopy with elemental detection allows to identify particles. Particles can be formed from dissolved elements during TEM sample preparation and cross-checking with MF and UF composition by ICP is useful. The colloidal fraction of leachate of waste seems to be a significant source term, and should be taken into account in studies of emission and transfer of contaminants in the environment. Standardized cross-filtration method could be amended for the presence of colloids in waste leachates.     

粉尘颗粒在单纤维表面沉积的计算机模拟

采用随机模拟方法模拟研究了粉尘颗粒在单纤维表面上的沉积过程,Kuwabara流场用于计算粉尘颗粒运动的轨迹,模拟中考虑了粉尘颗粒的粒径分布和单纤维在气流作用下的扭曲行为对粉尘颗粒沉积的影响.模拟结果表明.粉尘颗粒在单纤维表面上的沉积形态与分布特征依赖于Stokes数、粉尘颗粒粒径分布和纤维扭曲程度;模拟获得的粉尘树枝结构与相关文献提供的实验结果相似.     

两性高分子絮凝剂的制备及其应用研究

以天然植物粉Ｆ６９１为原料,通过羧甲基化、接枝共聚和曼尼期(Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ)三步反应合成出两性天然高分子改性絮凝剂(ＣＧＡＡＣ),确定了其较佳的制备条件;ＣＧＡＡＣ对造纸抄纸白水和造纸混合污泥的絮凝脱水试验表明:１０ｍｇ·ｌ－１ＣＧＡＡＣ与４０ｍｇ·ｌ－１ＰＡＣ配合使用,ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率可达７２%,效果优于对比样ＰＨＰ;ＣＧＡＡＣ对造纸混合污泥的絮凝脱水性能优于对比样ＰＨＰ和ＰＡＭ－Ｃ．     

生物陶粒柱—PAC—膜过滤装置系统处理饮用水实验研究

生物陶粒柱和粉末活性炭作为淹没式中空纤维膜过滤装置的预处理工艺不仅解决了膜过滤装置氨氮去除不利的弱点,避免了亚硝酸盐氮的积累,而且在浊度、细菌、有机物等方面极大地降低了膜过滤装置的负荷。生物陶粒柱－PAC－膜过滤装置系统高锰酸盐指数平均去除率为76．97％,氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的平均去除率分别达到顾95．50％和99．15％。     

助剂强化生物滴滤法处理VOCs研究进展

介绍了近几年国内外通过添加各种助剂强化生物滴滤法处理疏水性VOCs的研究进展,并提出进一步利用助剂提高生物滴滤法处理效果的发展方向:研发新型助剂并探求其功效最优化、深入研究助剂作用机理、研究多类型助剂相互影响机制及解析助剂对多种疏水性VOCs去除的影响。     

三角帆蚌对北京富营养化河湖水体的滤水效率和放养方式研究

2009年9月,在北京市水利科学研究所实验基地采用室内实验方式,研究了三角帆蚌在北京富营养化水体中的滤水效率,对比水体上层和底层2种放养方式对水体净化效果差异。结果表明:三角帆蚌平均滤水率为(31.63±6.67)mL/(min.kg);上层放养方式对水体透明度改善效果显著,叶绿素a在48 h即显著降低,且维持在较低水平。三角帆蚌有利于富营养化水体净化,实际应用中应采用水体上层放养方式。