全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2167篇 |
免费 | 189篇 |
国内免费 | 525篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 377篇 |
废物处理 | 61篇 |
环保管理 | 487篇 |
综合类 | 997篇 |
基础理论 | 203篇 |
污染及防治 | 364篇 |
评价与监测 | 81篇 |
社会与环境 | 92篇 |
灾害及防治 | 219篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 35篇 |
2022年 | 72篇 |
2021年 | 84篇 |
2020年 | 88篇 |
2019年 | 60篇 |
2018年 | 66篇 |
2017年 | 94篇 |
2016年 | 126篇 |
2015年 | 118篇 |
2014年 | 133篇 |
2013年 | 149篇 |
2012年 | 159篇 |
2011年 | 165篇 |
2010年 | 131篇 |
2009年 | 135篇 |
2008年 | 100篇 |
2007年 | 146篇 |
2006年 | 130篇 |
2005年 | 134篇 |
2004年 | 88篇 |
2003年 | 83篇 |
2002年 | 73篇 |
2001年 | 63篇 |
2000年 | 76篇 |
1999年 | 43篇 |
1998年 | 26篇 |
1997年 | 32篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 36篇 |
1994年 | 19篇 |
1993年 | 25篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 8篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有2881条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
Influence of temporally variable groundwater flow conditions on point measurements and contaminant mass flux estimations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Arno Rein Sebastian Bauer Peter Dietrich Christof Beyer 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2009,108(3-4):118-133
Monitoring of contaminant concentrations, e.g., for the estimation of mass discharge or contaminant degradation rates, often is based on point measurements at observation wells. In addition to the problem, that point measurements may not be spatially representative, a further complication may arise due to the temporal dynamics of groundwater flow, which may cause a concentration measurement to be not temporally representative. This paper presents results from a numerical modeling study focusing on temporal variations of the groundwater flow direction. “Measurements” are obtained from point information representing observation wells installed along control planes using different well frequencies and configurations. Results of the scenario simulations show that temporally variable flow conditions can lead to significant temporal fluctuations of the concentration and thus are a substantial source of uncertainty for point measurements. Temporal variation of point concentration measurements may be as high as the average concentration determined, especially near the plume fringe, even when assuming a homogeneous distribution of the hydraulic conductivity. If a heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity field is present, the concentration variability due to a fluctuating groundwater flow direction varies significantly within the control plane and between the different realizations. Determination of contaminant mass fluxes is also influenced by the temporal variability of the concentration measurement, especially for large spacings of the observation wells. Passive dosimeter sampling is found to be appropriate for evaluating the stationarity of contaminant plumes as well as for estimating average concentrations over time when the plume has fully developed. Representative sampling has to be performed over several periods of groundwater flow fluctuation. For the determination of mass fluxes at heterogeneous sites, however, local fluxes, which may vary considerably along a control plane, have to be accounted for. Here, dosimeter sampling in combination with time integrated local water flux measurements can improve mass flux estimates under dynamic flow conditions. 相似文献
102.
Bacteria transport and deposition under unsaturated conditions: the role of the matrix grain size and the bacteria surface protein 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gargiulo G Bradford S Simůnek J Ustohal P Vereecken H Klumpp E 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2007,92(3-4):255-273
Unsaturated (80% water saturated) packed column experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of grain size distribution and bacteria surface macromolecules on bacteria (Rhodococcus rhodochrous) transport and deposition mechanisms. Three sizes of silica sands were used in these transport experiments, and their median grain sizes were 607, 567, and 330 microm. The amount of retained bacteria increased with decreasing sand size, and most of the deposited bacteria were found adjacent to the column inlet. The deposition profiles were not consistent with predictions based on classical filtration theory. The experimental data could be accurately characterized using a mathematical model that accounted for first-order attachment, detachment, and time and depth-dependent straining processes. Visual observations of the bacteria deposition as well as mathematical modelling indicated that straining was the dominant mechanism of deposition in these sands (78-99.6% of the deposited bacteria), which may have been enhanced due to the tendency of this bacterium to form aggregates. An additional unsaturated experiment was conducted to better deduce the role of bacteria surface macromolecules on attachment and straining processes. In this case, the bacteria surface was treated using a proteolitic enzyme. This technique was assessed by examining the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum and hydrophobicity of untreated and enzyme treated cells. Both of these analytical procedures demonstrated that this enzymatic treatment removed the surface proteins and/or associated macromolecules. Transport and modelling studies conducted with the enzyme treated bacteria, revealed a decrease in attachment, but that straining was not significantly affected by this treatment. 相似文献
103.
垂直流芦苇人工湿地对化粪池出水净化效果的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过在同种基质上种植相同数目的芦苇,研究了垂直流人工湿地对化粪池出水的净化效果,以及不同水力停留时间对污水净化效果的影响。结果表明,同种填料、不同水力停留时间,对污水中TP、NH4^+-N.CODcr的净化效果不同。由于芦苇根系和微生物的吸收与分解作用,以及基质的吸附作用,种植芦苇的人工湿地出水水质要比未种芦苇的好。 相似文献
104.
105.
We consider the results of a recent paper in this journal [Zeru, A. and Schäfer, G., 2005. Analysis of groundwater contamination using concentration–time series recorded during an integral pumping test: Bias introduced by strong concentration gradients within the plume. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 81 (2005) 106–124], which addresses the field-scale characterisation of contaminant plumes in groundwater. There, it is concluded that contaminant concentration gradients can bias Integral Pumping Test (IPT) interpretations considerably, in particular if IPTs are conducted in advective fronts of contaminant plumes. We discuss implications of this setting and also argue that the longitudinal and transverse dispersivities used in the examples of Zeru and Schäfer (2005) of up to 30 m and 3 m, respectively, are generally very high for the here relevant capture zone scale (< 20 m). However, regardless of both longitudinal and transverse concentration gradients, we further show through a counter-example that IPT results are unbiased as long as the concentration attenuation along the flow direction is linear over the capture zone extent. 相似文献
106.
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) such as DDT and DDE have been detected in the surface 0.2 m of Vertisols in the lower Namoi Valley of north western New South Wales, Australia even though they have not been applied to crops since 1982. However, their presence in the deeper soil horizons has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to determine if OCPs were present to a depth of 1.2 m in Vertisols under irrigated cotton farming systems in the lower Namoi Valley of New South Wales. Soil was sampled from the 0-1.2 m depths in three sites, viz. the Australian Cotton Research Institute, ACRI, near Narrabri (149°36′E, 30°12′S), and two cotton farms near Wee Waa (149°27′E, 30°13′S) and Merah North (149°18′E, 30°12′S) in northern New South Wales, Australia. The OCPs detected and their metabolites were α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, endosulfan sulphate, DDD, DDE, DDT and endrin. The metabolite DDE, a breakdown product of DDT, was the most persistent OCP in all depths analysed. Endosulfan sulphate was the second most persistent followed by endrin > α-endosulfan > β-endosulfan > DDT and DDD. DDT was sprayed extensively in the lower Namoi Valley up to the early 1980s and may explain the persistence of DDE in the majority of soil samples. Dicofol and Dieldrin, two OCPs previously undocumented in Vertisols were also detected. The movement of OCPs into the subsoil of Vertisols may occur when irrigation or rain transports soil colloids and organic matter via preferential flow systems into the deeper layers of a soil profile. Persistence of OCPs was closely correlated to soil organic carbon concentrations. The persistence in soil of OCP’s applied to cotton crops grown more than two decades ago suggests that they could enter the food chain. Their presence at depths of 1.2 m suggests that they could move into groundwater that may eventually be used for domestic and stock consumption. 相似文献
107.
108.
为深入分析瓦斯在煤层内流动的阻力特性,根据煤层瓦斯径向不稳定流动理论,探讨煤层透气性系数的本质内涵及物理意义,指出其现场应用过程中存在的不足。基于无因次流量准数Y和时间准数F0之间的关系,对系数a,b值进行修正,提出透气性系数公式的优化计算方法。给出对比2种计算方法的现场应用实例。结果表明,优化方法的计算过程不必采用试算,计算结果的相对误差小于2%,可满足现场应用的实际要求。依据现场测定值可计算出AB的区间范围,据此可直接选择相应公式计算煤层透气性系数。 相似文献
109.
煤巷掘进过程中粉尘浓度影响因素分析 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
王晓珍 《中国安全生产科学技术》2011,7(4):75-79
为了掌握煤巷掘进过程中粉尘浓度变化的影响因素,根据气固两相流理论,针对矿井掘进工作面的特点,采用计算流体力学的离散相模型(DPM)考察了掘进巷道风速、风筒直径、风筒出风口到掘进工作面距离以及风筒的悬挂高度对粉尘浓度变化的影响。结果发现:当掘进巷道风速为0.25-4 m/s时,提高巷道内的通风风速,可以降低巷道内的粉尘浓度,缩短呼吸性粉尘浓度达到稳定的时间,减小工作面粉尘的危害;有利于通风除尘的风筒相关参数为风筒直径0.4-0.6 m、风筒出风口到掘进工作面距离6-7 m、风筒悬挂高度2.0-2.2 m。 相似文献
110.
水力割缝增透抽采煤层瓦斯原理及应用 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
煤层瓦斯抽采是避免煤矿瓦斯灾害发生的根本防治措施,水力割缝技术使煤体在割缝后应力松弛、卸压、破坏、破裂,以成倍或者十几倍地提高煤层的渗透性,继而对煤层瓦斯进行抽采,使瓦斯煤层变为低瓦斯或无瓦斯煤层,从根本上避免瓦斯灾害发生。从水力割缝技术切割煤层致煤层应力变化角度,将理论分析和数值模拟方法相结合,根据渗流力学平面径向流理论,分析给出水力割缝技术增透抽采瓦斯原理。以兖州东滩矿3号煤层为例,分析采用水力割缝技术前后煤层应力变化、渗透率变化规律。结果表明:大面积割缝后,应力重新分布,由均匀状态转变为非均匀状态分布,水平缝使煤层卸压,煤层应力普遍降低,在缝上部煤层局部形成拉应力区。割缝后渗透率是割缝前的4.34倍,渗透率大幅度增加,从而提高瓦斯抽采速度和最终抽采率。 相似文献