计算机局域网络保密措施

随着计算机的普及 ,局域网络越来越广为利用 ,但也出现了相应的失密问题。本文从信息及实体两个方面 ,论述了局域网络的保密措施。     

基于神经网络的温度预测

室内温度与诸多影响因素之间的非线性、复杂性等关系 ,给建模、预测带来了难度 ,引入了人工神经网络 ;利用人工神经网络的非线性、并行计算和自学习特性进行建模 ,实现了对温度模拟     

煤体注水湿润半径预测的神经网络模型

合理的注水半径一直是煤体注水防尘技术中难以确定的参数。笔者基于对影响煤体注水半径因素的分析和神经网络理论的原理之上 ,设计网络模型为 3层 ,输入层为 7个节点 ,应用BP网络算法 ,建立了煤体注水湿润半径的预测模型 ,并对其参数进行了讨论。然后 ,用平顶山矿务局和水城矿务局 13个矿 19个回采工作面的统计资料对BP网络进行自适应学习 ,并取η =0 .9,α =0 .82 ,控制网络总误差E≤ 10 6。经过 2 12 34次迭代后 ,网络趋于稳定。用训练好的网络对平顶山矿务局的某矿的 3层煤的注水湿润半径进行预测 ,预测结果与实测值很接近。其误差分别为 0 .5 %,0 .6 %和 0 .7%。     

分布式防火墙系统

针对分布式防火墙系统体系结构,从新的网络应用环境出发,指出了传统边界防火墙的缺点;然后提出了分布式防火墙的基本原理,并给出了分布式防火墙的产品,重点分析了分布式防火墙产品中的主机防火墙原理;最后还介绍分布式防火墙对各种问题的解决方案及混合型防火墙的应用实例.     

水资源供需平衡的安全分析

从中国发展的区域基础角度,考察经济核心区和6个大区在未来经济发展中的水资源供需安全问题.在分析中应用一般均衡的分析技术和线性规划逆问题分析技术相结合,研究表明,在未来发展中水资源最紧缺的地区是华北和西北,作为经济核心区的京津唐地区水资源问题最为严重.研究提出,只有结合开源节流和调整产业结构才能保证经济发展中的水资源供应安全.     

滨海平原咸水入侵动态监测网构建研究——以潍河下游地区为例

作为进行咸水入侵动态监测的基础性工作，对潍河下游地区的供需水平衡及地下水位、水质和地层电阻率在咸淡水界面上变化规律进行了研究分析；同时，探索了监测工作的地理工程技术途径，并据此构建了3个层次的监测体系：（1）宏观区域供需水平衡分析与地下水位负值区变化监测，（2）中观咸水入侵发展变化的物探监测，（3）微观地下水位、水质变化监测；最后，为了对日益增多的咸水入侵动态数据资料进行有效的管理，设计了一个基于GIS的、以数据库管理应用为核心的信息系统。     

NETWORK AND SUBWATERSHED PARAMETERS EXTRACTED FROM DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS: THE BILLS CREEK EXPERIENCE1

ABSTRACT: An automated extraction of channel network and sub-watershed characteristics from digital elevation models (DEM) is performed by model DEDNM. This model can process DEM data of limited vertical resolution representing low relief terrain. Such representations often include ill-defined drainage boundaries and indeterminate flow paths. The application watershed is an 84 km² low relief watershed in southwestern Oklahoma. The standard for validation is the network and subwatershed parameters defined by the blue line method on USGS 7.5–minute topographic maps. Evaluation of the generated and validation networks by visual comparisons shows a high degree of correlation. Comparison of selected network parameters (channel length, slope, drainage density, etc.) and of drainage network composition (bifurcation, length, slope, and area ratios) shows that, on the average, the generated parameters are within 5 percent of those derived from the validation network. The largest discrepancies were found for the channel slope values. The results of this application demonstrate that DEDNM effectively addresses network definition problems often encountered in low relief terrain and that it can generate accurate network and subwatershed parameters under those conditions.     

江汉平原湖区农田防护林的小气候效应研究

在区域开发中,平原湖区的林业发展潜力很大,同时,湖区农田防护林的建设,也是促进生态平衡的一项重要措施,防护林能进一步改善湖区小气候环境,尤其对保障农业生产有着相当重要的意义。通过对江汉平原湖区的农田防护林网内的小气候效应温度,湿度,风速等要素的观测数据进行研究,我们得出的结果表明：江汉平原湖区农田林网的建设,除提供工农业生产所需的林木外,随着林木的增多,林网的完善,还可调节气候,保持水土,防风固沙     

More Productivity with Fewer External Inputs: Central American Case Studies of Agroecological Development and their Broader Implications

A study of the impact of two agroecological development programs in central America was conducted in 1994, five years and fifteen years after the programmes had ended. Yields of maize and beans being achieved by those farmers involved in each program were, on the average, more than seven times the yields being achieved at the time of program initiation. Increases in yields and incomes were achieved through the use of a large number of innovations, involving especially soil retention measures, purchased organic matter, intercropped green manure/cover crops, natural pest control, crop diversification and crop rotations. Use of chemical fertilizer was reduced, herbicides avoided almost entirely, and several substitutes for pesticides are now used. These technologies, plus more recent innovations such as microscale water harvesting and precision planting, should enable small farmers around the world to increase productivity enough that the world can avoid major hunger over the next 30 years, without increasing substantially, if at all, the world's use of chemical inputs.     

Delivering on the Promise of Agroforestry

Agroforestry – the traditional practice of growing trees on farms for the benefit of the farm family and for the environment – was brought from the realm of indigenous knowledge into the forefront of agricultural research less than two decades ago. It was promoted widely as a sustainability-enhancing practice that combines the best attributes of forestry and agriculture. Based on principles of natural resource management and process-oriented research, agroforestry is now recognized as an applied science, that is instrumental in assuring food security, reducing poverty and enhancing ecosystem resilience at the scale of thousands of smallholder farmers in the tropics.Trees on farms provide both products and services: they yield food, fuelwood, fodder, timber and medicines, which farm families can use at home or take to market to bring in much-needed cash; they replenish organic matter and nutrient levels in soils and they help control erosion and conserve water. The International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, and its partners, are working to integrate the functions of trees with policy and institutional improvements that aim at facilitating wide-scale adoption by farmers.Two examples described in this paper are replenishing soil fertility in sub-Saharan Africa using short-term improved tree and shrub fallows and the results of agroforestry research to support significant land tenure policy in southeast Asia.Although just one option in sustainable land-use, science-based agroforestry has the potential to produce economically, socially and environmentally sound results for the billions of people who depend on this ancient practice and modern science.