Chemical, biological and radiological incidents: preparedness and perceptions of emergency nurses

Despite their important role in chemical, biological and radiological (CBR) incident response, little is known about emergency nurses' perceptions of these events. The study aim was to explore emergency nurses' perceptions of CBR incidents and factors that may influence their capacity to respond. Sixty-four nurses from a metropolitan Emergency Department took part. The majority were willing to participate in CBR incidents and there was a positive association between willingness to participate and postgraduate qualification in emergency nursing. Willingness decreased, however, with unknown chemical and biological agents. One third of participants reported limitations to using personal protective equipment. Few participants had experience with CBR incidents although 70.3 per cent of participants had undergone CBR training. There were significant differences in perceptions of choice to participate and adequacy of training between chemical, biological and radiological incidents. The study results suggest that emergency nurses are keen to meet the challenge of CBR incident response.     

尿激酶溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞的观察与护理

运用尿激酶溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞，运用现代护理程序，对病人实施整体护理．在严密监测精心护理下，病人病情恢复快，均好转出院。     

重症急性胰腺炎手术治疗的护理进展

本文对重症急性胰腺炎患者手术治疗的护理进展进行简要总结，以求对重症急性胰腺炎患者手术治疗中的护理工作提供参考．     

护理干预对前列腺增生症患者术前焦虑情绪的影响

探讨护理干预对前列腺增生症患者术前焦虑情绪的影响．方法将120例拟行经尿道前列腺电切术的前列腺增生症患者随机分为干预组和对照组,各60例．对照组予以常规护理,干预组在此基础上给予护理干预,采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）测量两组患者入院后（干预前）及手术前（干预后）焦虑值．结果干预组手术前SAS评分较入院后明显降低（P〈0．05）,且明显低于同期对照组（P〈0．05）．结论护理干预在缓解前列腺增生症患者术前焦虑,积极调整心理状态方面优于一般心理护理．表1,参5．     

血液透析相关性低血压发生的原因及护理措施

目的 分析血液透析相关性低血压（intradialytic hypotension IDH）发生的原因及发生时间,以采取针对性护理措施减少IDH的发生.方法 通过对南华大学附属第一医院血液中心2012年9月至2013年3月发生IDH的患者进行统计分析.结果 共发生IDH726例,其中容量相关性因素占77％,发生时间在3～4h之间的占67％.结论 容量相关性因素是IDH发生的最常见原因,应加强对患者的宣教,使其在透析间期严格控制体重的增长,包括控制水分、钠盐的摄入.IDH的发生时间以透析3h后最常见,提示在透析3h后应加强对患者的巡视和严密监测血压情况.图2,参4.     

数字化控制室信息显示对人因可靠性的影响

数字化技术的应用使主控室内信息显示方式发生了重大变化。通过比较分析数字化主控室与传统主控室人机界面中信息显示方面各自的特征,发现人机界面数字化后,巨量信息与有限显示的矛盾非常突出,并伴随产生任务繁重但又是必须的界面管理任务,它们对人因可靠性产生了前所未有的影响,增加了新的人因失误源,可能出现新的人误模式。提出3个新的科学概念,即信息显示率、信息提供率和数据更新率,认为研究这3个概念之间的关系和它们对操纵员认知行为的影响,是解决巨量信息与有限显示矛盾的有效途径。     

“多流程、多技能、多任务”式教学模式的研究与实践

基于"工作过程"教育教学理念,提出"多流程、多技能、多任务"的教育教学模式,将学生的学习课程进行分解、重组,按照"典型任务分析—学习领域设计—具体教学任务实施"的原则,研究了典型任务抽取、学习范围划分以及项目任务的情境教学与实施,并在实际教学过程中取得了良好的学习效果。     

Components of lifetime reproductive success in communally and solitarily nursing house mice — a laboratory study

Under laboratory conditions, communal nursing among familiar and closely related female house mice (Mus domesticus) improved lifetime reproductive success compared to females rearing litters alone or females living with a previously unfamiliar, unrelated partner (reproductive success was measured within an experimental lifespan of 6 months, standardized as 120 days after mating at the age of about 2 months). An analysis of the contribution of three multiplicatively combined components to variation in reproductive success among breeding females revealed that, in all three social groups, survival of young until weaning contributed most to differences in lifetime reproduction (46–64% of the total variance). Females living with a sister had a significantly higher probability of reproducing successfully than females in the other groups, and also reared significantly more litters communally than females sharing nests with an unrelated partner. Weaning probabilities of young were highest in litters cared for by sisters and lowest in nests of unrelated females. Young were found dead either directly after birth (within the first 2 days of lactation) or after they had been cared for and nursed for at least 1 day. The loss of an entire litter typically occurred directly after birth. In monogamous females rearing litters alone the death of almost all young coincided with such early entire-litter mortality. In polygynous groups, however, offspring died at an older age and more litters suffered the loss of some young. Still, rearing young with a sister improved survival directly after birth and fewer litters were lost entirely in comparison with females in the other groups. In polygynous groups, pregnant females were observed to kill some of their partner's dependent young shortly before they gave birth themselves. As a consequence, individual young had reduced survival when they were firstborn in a communal nest (another litter was born within 16 days). Analyzed over a lifetime, communal care among familiar and closely related female house mice seems to be an adaptation to maximize the survival of offspring until weaning.     

循证护理在手术室的应用

为解决手术过程遇到的护理问题,利用进行循征和实施护理干预,通过与未实施循证护理同期比较,护理问题发生率明显下降或消除,得出循证护理能有效解决手术中的护理问题,提高护理质量的结论.     

石油石化行业环保科技发展面临的形势和任务

文章介绍了石油石化行业规模增长和生产上的新变化给企业环保工作带来的压力,国家环保监管力度的加大和新要求;阐述了石油石化行业当前应当重点发展的环境保护技术,以满足国家有关政策法规标准和污染减排约束性指标要求、控制环境风险和减轻事故后果。