Symptoms and musculoskeletal diseases in hospital nurses and in a group of university employees: a cross-sectional study

Background. Most studies have shown that nurses have a higher risk of developing musculoskeletal symptoms compared with other occupational groups. Aim. A cross-sectional study was performed to gain more insight into the prevalence rates of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in nurses. Methods. The presence of musculoskeletal symptoms was revealed by personal interviews in a sample of 177 hospital nurses and in a reference group of 185 university employees. Musculoskeletal diseases were based on radiological examinations in all subjects. Results. Lower back pain (61% vs 42.2%) was the most frequently reported symptom, followed by neck pain (48.6% vs 38.4%) and shoulder pain (36.7% vs 25.9%), with a significantly higher prevalence in nurses. Women had about a 2-fold risk of upper limb region and neck pain compared with men. The most common abnormal findings on radiological examinations were disc herniations (n?=?40). Conclusions. Nurses showed a significantly higher risk of MSDs. Prevalence rates in nurses increased significantly with age. Musculoskeletal symptoms were also common in university employees. This suggests the need for effective intervention strategies involving workers’ active participation, in order to improve the process and organization of work and promote a positive psychosocial work environment.     

Effect of occupational health nursing practice on musculoskeletal pains among hospital nursing staff in South Korea

Objective. The purpose of this study was to identify whether occupational health nursing variables serve as the contributing factors to musculoskeletal pains (MSP). Methods. A self-administered questionnaire composed of demographic characteristics, the practice of occupational health nursing and information regarding MSP was designed based on in-depth interviews with eight nurses. This study included 226 hospital nursing staff who worked at three university hospitals located in Seoul, South Korea. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS and AMOS 19.0. Results. Shoulder and neck pains occurred when subjects worked more than 46?h/week. Subjects who performed ‘work-time adjustment’ had lesser chance of having shoulder, leg/foot and wrist/finger pains. Overtime work hours showed an indirect effect on multiple sites of MSP by mediator variable, which was ‘work-time adjustment’. Organized night duty days eventually decreased multiple sites of MSP. Conclusion. Administration strategies for nurses to adjust work-time within 46?h/week should be considered.     

Components of lifetime reproductive success in communally and solitarily nursing house mice — a laboratory study

Under laboratory conditions, communal nursing among familiar and closely related female house mice (Mus domesticus) improved lifetime reproductive success compared to females rearing litters alone or females living with a previously unfamiliar, unrelated partner (reproductive success was measured within an experimental lifespan of 6 months, standardized as 120 days after mating at the age of about 2 months). An analysis of the contribution of three multiplicatively combined components to variation in reproductive success among breeding females revealed that, in all three social groups, survival of young until weaning contributed most to differences in lifetime reproduction (46–64% of the total variance). Females living with a sister had a significantly higher probability of reproducing successfully than females in the other groups, and also reared significantly more litters communally than females sharing nests with an unrelated partner. Weaning probabilities of young were highest in litters cared for by sisters and lowest in nests of unrelated females. Young were found dead either directly after birth (within the first 2 days of lactation) or after they had been cared for and nursed for at least 1 day. The loss of an entire litter typically occurred directly after birth. In monogamous females rearing litters alone the death of almost all young coincided with such early entire-litter mortality. In polygynous groups, however, offspring died at an older age and more litters suffered the loss of some young. Still, rearing young with a sister improved survival directly after birth and fewer litters were lost entirely in comparison with females in the other groups. In polygynous groups, pregnant females were observed to kill some of their partner's dependent young shortly before they gave birth themselves. As a consequence, individual young had reduced survival when they were firstborn in a communal nest (another litter was born within 16 days). Analyzed over a lifetime, communal care among familiar and closely related female house mice seems to be an adaptation to maximize the survival of offspring until weaning.     

循证护理在手术室的应用

为解决手术过程遇到的护理问题,利用进行循征和实施护理干预,通过与未实施循证护理同期比较,护理问题发生率明显下降或消除,得出循证护理能有效解决手术中的护理问题,提高护理质量的结论.     

术后早期急性炎性肠梗阻的观察及护理

目的探讨术后早期急性炎性肠梗阻（EPII）的临床表现、治疗方法及护理．方法回顾性分析86例EPII的临床表现、治疗及护方法．结果EPII发生在术后4-21d,肠蠕动一度恢复,继而又出现呕吐,腹胀,腹痛等肠梗阻表现,大部分病例非手术治愈,仅少部分手术治疗．结论EPII以非手术治疗为主,积极的心理干预及护理有助于疾病康复．表2,参14．     

临床实习男护生现状分析与教学对策

目的：通过分析男护生现状,探讨临床教学对策,以提高男护生临床教学质量．方法：通过对22名男护生临床实习中存在的问题进行总结分析．结果：发现男护生专业态度不稳定,心理应对能力、工作积极主动性、人际沟通能力欠缺、职业安全意识比较淡薄．结论：在临床教学工作中,注意对其进行展望专业前景,稳定职业心态;增强其挫折承受力,适当保护男护生自尊,增强其自信心和工作积极性,培养良好的沟通能力,注意个性的培养,强化职业安全教育等对提高临床教学质量,帮助他们顺利走上护理工作岗位具有重要意义．参5．     

Effect prediction of time-gaps for adaptive cruise control (ACC) and in-vehicle tasks on bus driver performance

Researchers have devoted a great deal of attention to the effects of driver assist systems on driver performance. This article describes a modeling approach to simulate the effects of time-gaps for adaptive cruise control (ACC) and manual in-vehicle tasks on bus-driver performance. A concept model was built with the knowledge of modularization, parameterization, and parallel processing. By running the model, the predictions for the effects of five levels of time-gaps and two types of in-vehicle tasks were collected in three measures: (1) mean gap, (2) minimum gap, and (3) collision rate. The model performed well in prediction, especially when driving with in-vehicle tasks. Predictions from the model were validated by the experiment with a verified fixed-base bus-driving simulator, used in the authors’ previous studies. Throughout the modeling approach, this research provides a theoretical and accurate way to assess effects of time-gaps and vehicle-equipped interfaces. In follow-up research, the authors will apply this approach to evaluate other driving assist systems (e.g. collision warning systems and navigation systems) to create a customized software kit.     

规划环境影响评价工作面临的新形势和新任务

通过分析《环境影响评价法》实施后规划环评工作在三方面面临的新形势、新任务,提出进一步深入推进规划环评的几点看法。     

碳达峰政策体系建设的思路与重点任务

我国2030年前实现碳达峰面临巨大压力,需要系统研究构建碳达峰政策体系,为碳达峰提供政策动力。本文分析了我国碳达峰相关政策实施情况,探讨了碳达峰政策创新思路,提出了碳达峰政策体系建设的重点任务以及政策实施保障。以减污降碳为主线,推进低碳发展政策与生态环境保护政策的统筹融合,构建完善以碳排放总量控制为核心的,涵盖行业部门、重点区域地区、减排相关方的,多手段类型相结合的碳达峰政策体系,促进产业、能源、交通结构调整和低碳发展,有效推动重点行业和领域碳排放达峰路径与关键举措的顺利落地。从建立健全碳排放总量控制考评制度、加快构建排污许可证与碳排放管控协同制度、深化能源资源价格机制改革、全面推开碳排放权交易市场等方面提出重点政策建议。