农民工职业危害防护需求意愿调查分析

为了调查农民工职业危害防护的具体需求意愿及他们对企业职业危害管理现状的认知,分析农民工职业危害防护需求意愿与农民工职业危害防护行为之间的关系。采用问卷调查的定量调查方法进行调查。调查对象中男性农民工409人,女性农民工157人。参与问卷调查的农民工,均接触一种及以上的职业性有害因素。调查内容包括了解公司预防和控制职业病的政策,参与公司的职业危害管理决策,实施的职业性健康安全培训、健康监护、个人防护用品的使用等预防和控制职业病的管理措施等方面,本次调查显示,农民工对于预防职业危害表现出强烈的需求愿望,且对企业的职业危害防护现况表示了不满,倾向于采取极端的行为维护自身的健康权益。但另一方面,农民工实际参与企业职业危害防护的行为率较低,与他们的需求意愿相比有明显的差距。     

基于二元语义的职业健康安全管理体系绩效评价

为提高职业健康安全管理体系(OHSMS)绩效和职业健康安全绩效,根据OHSMS绩效评价的重要性,提出基于二元语义的OHSMS绩效评价模型。研究科学合理的评价指标体系,并运用层次分析法(AHP)和灰色关联分析法(GRA)确定主客观权重,再运用乘法集成法确定组合权重,作为评价指标的最终权重,运用二元语义的集结算子,计算OHSMS绩效评价指标的综合值,取得最终的评价结果。结果表明,基于二元语义的OHSMS绩效评价将专家经验与定量计算相结合,合理地处理许多因素的不确定性,通过确定不符合项和改进措施,持续改进OHSMS绩效。     

基于二元语义和AHP法的矿山职业危害综合评价方法

为科学评价矿山企业职业危害风险,提出一种基于二元语义和层次分析法(AHP)的矿山职业危害风险综合评价方法。首先,在分析企业生产活动的过程和相关文献的基础上,应用相关性分析方法,优化建立地下矿山职业危害风险评价体系;其次,在分析二元语义理论的基础上,给出原始数据标准化处理方法和详细的建模步骤;最后,通过实例进行应用。实例分析结果表明:利用语言短语处理定性信息的准确性高;职业危害风险的负面因素主要为粉尘等致灾因子,通过提高作业者素质和安全管理水平可大大降低其风险。     

加油站职业健康管理现状与应对措施

从能源企业工作实践出发,分析了加油站存在的主要职业病危害因素,针对加油站职业健康管理工作现状,分析其特点和存在不足,并提出相应的改进策略。     

基于CiteSpace的高校教师职业心理健康文献计量分析

为系统把握高校教师职业心理健康领域近10年的主要研究内容和研究方向,以中国知网(CNKI)作为数据源,经过2次检索得到2011—2020年10年间的文献,统计分析发文量,使用CiteSpace软件可视化处理,得到关键词共现图谱。结果表明:高校教师职业心理健康的相关研究主要集中于职业倦怠和职业压力,研究热点是成因和对策,重点研究对象为体育教师、青年教师、英语教师和女教师;通过内容分析发现,职业压力和职业倦怠均对高校教师职业心理健康存在消极影响;从社会、学校、个人3个层面有效干预可改善教师职业压力和职业倦怠,进而提升其心理健康。     

Spatial correlation between the prevalence of transmissible spongiform diseases and British soil geochemistry

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of fatal neurological conditions affecting a number of mammals, including sheep and goats (scrapie), cows (BSE), and humans (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). The diseases are widely believed to be caused by the misfolding of the normal prion protein to a pathological isoform, which is thought to act as an infectious agent. Outbreaks of the disease are commonly attributed to contaminated feed and genetic susceptibility. However, the implication of copper and manganese in the pathology of the disease, and its apparent geographical clustering, have prompted suggestions of a link with trace elements in the environment. Nevertheless, studies of soils at regional scales have failed to provide evidence of an environmental risk factor. This study uses geostatistical techniques to investigate the correlations between the distribution of TSE prevalence and soil geochemical variables across the UK according to different spatial scales. A similar spatial pattern in scrapie and BSE occurrence is identified, which may be linked with increasing pH and total organic carbon, and decreasing iodine concentration. However, the pattern also resembles that of the density of dairy farming. Nevertheless, despite the low spatial resolution of the TSE data available for this study, the fact that significant correlations are detected indicates there is a possibility of a link between soil geochemistry, scrapie, and BSE. It is suggested that further investigations of the prevalence of TSE and environmental exposure to trace metals should take into account the factors affecting their bioavailability.     

Occupational Safety and Health in Finland

In Finland, occupational safety is the responsibility of the employer, while the occupational safety and health laws are enforced by the Labour Inspection Service, an organization of the state. The Labour Inspection is divided in 11 administrative districts, and it employs 360 professionals. They are mandated to carry out site visits without prearranged appointments to inspect safe work situations, working hours, construction safety, or any aspect of accident risks. The inspectors are also mandated to verify the existence of sufficient occupational health services as prescribed by the Occupational Health Services Act for all employees. The occupational health services are typically provided by enterprise-owned medical departments, by mutually owned health care centers, by private practitioners, or by municipal health care centers. The latter are required by law to provide all services as prescribed by the legislation to anyone who comes to the facility. This situation is prevalent in the countryside, where there are very few private caregiving centers. Declaring occupational accidents and disease cases is mandatory, and the Inspection districts examine all accidents to establish causes and consequences, and to initiate prosecution in case of criminal negligence. Labour Inspection Districts are also notified of the new occupational disease cases as they are declared to insurance companies. Insurance for occupational disease, accidents, and death is an obligation of the employer, although they can choose the insurance company. The medical confidentiality between the workers and their occupational health care providers is very strict. Official statistics are maintained by the state Statistics Finland organization, and they may be used, for example, for research purposes by scientific institutes like the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Construction industry accounts for 25% of all fatal accidents (120 cases per 1 million working hours), followed by mechanical, wood, metal, machinery, and pulp and paper industry (10% each of fatal accidents) with rates ranging from 100–160 cases per 1 million working hours. There are some 5,000 occupational disease cases per year (rate 22/10,000 employed). The major disease categories include repetitive strain injuries (1,300 cases), respiratory allergies (600 cases), occupational skin diseases (1,000 cases), and 900 cases of noise-caused hearing loss. In 1998, 589 cases of asbestos-related diseases were reported.     

石油化工催化剂生产过程中的职业病防治及应急处理

石化企业使用了大量的催化剂,催化剂开发、生产过程复杂,有许多原料和生产工艺,存在许多潜在的安全隐患和职业病危害因素。为预防催化剂生产过程中的事故,通过分析催化剂生产过程中的职业病危害分析,提出了相应的职业病防范及应急处置措施,加强催化剂生产过程中的职业病防治和应急处置能力,创造良好的经济、生态和社会效益,有效防止催化剂生产过程中发生安全事故和职业病。     

某矿低铜废石综合回收利用项目职业病危害预评价

为了对某矿业有限公司低铜废石综合回收利用项目可能产生的职业病危害因素进行辨识、分析和评价,采用检查表、类比法相结合的原则对该项目的铲装、破碎、运输、筑堆等工艺进行分析评价,并利用经验法对浸出、萃取电积工艺进行分析评价。结果表明:类比工程中绝大部分粉尘、噪声检测点的浓（强）度符合国家标准;化学毒物、工频电场接触浓（强）度符合国家标准;电积车间的通风满足要求;萃取车间的事故通风能力不足。评价方法及通风计算方法对同类项目具有借鉴意义。