火灾烟气伤害机理和伤害模型

建筑物发生火灾时，燃烧产生的烟气对人构成主要威胁。本文分析火灾烟气的伤害机理，提出烟气伤害指数概念及其计算方法，探讨它在材料防火性能评价和建筑物火灾安全评价方面的应用可能性。     

邮局分拣工慢性肌肉骨骼损伤调查研究

对２７５名邮局分拣工的调查发现，其慢性肌肉骨骼损伤主要涉及手、腕、臂、肩、上背及下背，与对照人群比较，Ｐ〈０．０５，差别显著。另外腱鞘囊肿的检出率达４．７３％ ，明显高于对照人群     

新农保能促进农户土地流转吗?——基于CHARLS三期面板数据

基于2011年、2013年和2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）数据库,构建了三期具备农村户口且拥有耕地的微观农户 面板数据,采用固定效应模型实证分析我国农村老龄化问题背景下新农保能否促进农户土地流转。研究发现：（1）2015年中国耕地的平均转出率和转入率仅为14%和6%,2011-2015年中国耕地呈现转出率逐年递增、转入率逐年递减的趋势,凸显中国耕地出现集聚现象。（2）中国土地流转行为区域差异性明显,耕地转出率顺序为：东北地区>东部地区>中部地区>西北地区>西南地区;耕地转入率除西北地区较高外（2015年为9%）,其余各区均在5%左右。（3）新型农村社会养老保险能够促进60岁以上老年农户的耕地转出。政策启示是：提高农村养老保险水平以弱化土地的养老保障功能,进而促进农村土地流转;完善耕地集聚化背景下的土地管理制度,培育一批具有带头作用的新型农民;发展区域差异化的农村耕地管理政策,首先重点针对土地流转潜力大的地区推行土地流转交易。     

Agricultural work related injury and Ill-health and the economic cost

This paper contains a literature review of the occupational injuries and ill-health in agriculture world-wide and a survey of the attempts that have been made to estimate the resulting economic and social costs. Agricultural workers suffer a wide variety of disorders as a result of their occupation. These range from minor (cuts, bruises) to more severe (deep wounds, fractures), permanent (amputation, spinal cord injury) and fatal injury. Ill-health as a result of contact with animals, micro-organisms, plant material dusts or chemicals are associated with certain types of agriculture. There is an underlying but unquantified incidence of pain, stress and injury as a result of ergonomic problems due to poor working procedures and conditions. Statistics from many countries or regions show that agriculture consistently has one of the highest accident and injury rates of the industrial sectors. There are many causes for the work related injury and ill-health in agricultural workers. In developed countries, tractors and other machinery cause a significant proportion of the accidents and are a major cause of occupational deaths. In less developed countries, accidents due to hand tools such as hoes, sickles and cutting instruments are most prevalent. Animals are a significant cause of injury and ill-health in many countries. Debilitating allergic reactions in the respiratory tract or the skin are caused by exposures to organic dusts, or by contact with allergenic plants in the field respectively. Where comparative data are available, occupational pesticide poisoning in agriculture is a small proportion (< 1–4%) of the total work related disorders. Because of the wide variety of occupational risks to agricultural workers, it is emphasised that if one type of agricultural practice is replaced by another then the risks from the alternative procedure need to be considered. If, for example, agrochemical pest control practices are replaced by methods involving the increased use of machinery, draught animals or manual operations, then an assessment of the resulting risks should be taken into account. Some of the economic costs of occupational injury and ill-health in agriculture can be quantified directly, such as medical costs, the cost of rehabilitation and loss of earnings. Other costs are more difficult to estimate such as loss of opportunity and income foregone for permanent and fatal injury and for the effect on a victim’s family. The estimation of the overall economic costs to farming communities and national agriculture requires further development. When one agricultural practice is replaced wholly or partly by another, for example agrochemical pest control by alternative control methods, then it is necessary to take into account the occupational health costs of the alternative procedure for realistic comparative assessment. There are a number of issues which require continued or increased attention by the relevant national and international authorities and by the agricultural industry. These include the improved collection and collation of occupational health statistics, a better understanding of the extent of ergonomic problems in agriculture, more realistic assessments of the cost of occupational injury and ill-health and the continued need to reduce occupational health disorders by appropriate training and education in agricultural practices and the use of agricultural equipment.     

实施《工伤保险条例》的难点及对策

针对深入贯彻实施<工伤保险条例>的情况,提出了当前存在的难点有:工伤认定政策放宽带来的难点以及工伤保险与预防、康复存在事实上的脱节现象.采取了5个方面的对策:实施教育及激励约束机制,加强工伤认定工作的研究,完善工伤保险中的事故预防机制,以及建立工伤预防基金、强化安全"三基"工作.     

码头油品蒸气云爆炸事故危害评价

运用“蒸气云爆炸”模型,对某码头油品蒸气云爆炸事故危害程度进行分析评价,得出油品爆炸事故危害程度分布的规律,为码头安全运行提供参考。     

冶金建筑施工危险辨识、风险评价和控制

结合实例阐述冶金建筑施工企业在建立职业健康安全管理体系中,危险辨识、风险评价和风险控制的方法.     

基于火灾风险评估的企业火灾保险费率的厘定

我国的保险公司并不单独承保企业火灾保险,而是包含在企业财产保险中。本文基于财产保险业务统计结果,应用火灾风险评估技术,结合标的的占用性质和所采取的消防措施对企业火灾保险纯费率厘定方法进行了研究,提出了基于火灾风险评估技术和标的占用性质相耦合的火灾保险费率的厘定方法。     

电焊条生产行业职业危害统计指标研究

简洁、有效、便利的职业危害统计指标不仅能够提高职业危害评价结果的准确性,更能提高实际工作效率,对职业危害监管工作具有重要的意义。根据电焊条生产行业的特点,通过相关分析法、逐步回归分析法,对几个典型企业的监测数据进行分析,筛选出了最能直接判断电焊条生产行业职业危害状况的统计指标。入选的指标独立性好,适合进一步拟合电焊条生产行业职业危害监管模型。     

职业健康安全体系在火电机组调试中的实践应用

本文主要介绍在土耳其阿特拉斯2×600MW伊斯肯德伦电厂调试项目部建立职业健康安全体系,以及所有系统试运、试验的危险源辨识和预防措施制定问题,为机组安全调试和避免人员健康损害提供了保证,也为火电调试机组调试项目建立职业健康安全体系提供了借鉴意义。