A flexible intelligent algorithm for identification of optimum mix of demographic variables for integrated HSEE-ISO systems: The case of a gas transmission refinery

This study proposes a flexible intelligent algorithm for assessment and optimization of demographic features on integrated health, safety, and environment and ergonomics (HSEE)-ISO systems among operators of a gas transmission refinery. To achieve the objectives of this study, standard questionnaires with respect to HSEE and ISO standards are completed by 80 operators. Demographic features include age, education, gender, weight, stature, marital status, and work type. The average results for each category of HSEE are used as inputs and effectiveness of ISO systems (ISO 18000, ISO 14000, and ISO 9000) are used as output for the intelligent algorithm. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in addition to conventional regression are used in this paper. Result shows the applicability and superiority of the flexible intelligent algorithm over conventional methods through mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Computational results show that the proposed ANN performs better than ANFIS and conventional regressions based on its relative error. Finally, the optimum mix of demographic variables from viewpoint of HSEE and ISO are identified. This is the first study that proposes a flexible intelligent algorithm for assessment of optimum mix of demographic features for HSEE and ISO systems in a complex system such as a gas transmission refinery.     

论无害化处理机关事业单位电子办公垃圾

通过对现有机关事业单位办公垃圾分析,提出处理电子办公垃圾的方法及有效治理措施。     

Open-plan office noise: Cognitive performance and restoration

The aim of the present study was to investigate cognitive, emotional, and physiological effects of two open-plan office noise conditions (high noise: 51 LAeq and low noise: 39 LAeq) during work in a simulated open-plan office, followed by four restoration conditions (river movie with sound, only river sound, silence, and office noise) after the work period. Students (N = 47) went through one practice session and two experimental sessions, one each with the low and high noise conditions. In each experimental session they worked for 2 h with tasks involving basic working memory processes. We also took physiological measures of stress (cortisol and catecholamines) and self-reports of mood and fatigue. Analyses indicate that the participants remembered fewer words, rated themselves as more tired, and were less motivated with work in noise compared to low noise. In the restoration phase the participants who saw a nature movie (including river sounds) rated themselves as having more energy after the restoration period in comparison with both the participants who listened to noise and river sounds. Remaining in office noise during the restoration phase also affected motivation more negatively than listening to river sounds or watching the nature movie. The findings bear on the appropriateness of open-plan office designs and the possibilities for restoration available in office settings.     

城市室内灰尘重金属水平、影响因素及健康风险:以贵阳市为例

本研究以贵阳市为研究区域,选择73户家庭和6间办公室采集室内灰尘样品,用ICP-OES测定灰尘中常量元素Ca、Fe和重金属元素Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn含量,探究室内灰尘重金属水平及影响因素,并综合室内和室外灰尘暴露量,评估儿童所受灰尘重金属健康风险.结果表明:1家庭室内灰尘中Ca、Fe的平均含量(g·kg-1)为107、31.9;Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的平均含量(mg·kg-1)分别为1.77、107、231、81.9、199、721;2办公室灰尘中Cu和Zn含量显著高于家庭灰尘,其他元素与其在家庭灰尘中的含量差别不大;3不同楼层家庭灰尘中Ca、Fe含量差别不大,Cd、Cu和Pb含量差异明显,1楼室内灰尘重金属含量相对较高,同时高层住宅室内Pb含量大于低层住宅;4家庭住户室外环境和室内装修及使用情况等导致家庭室内灰尘重金属水平差异分布;5灰尘重金属对儿童的暴露没有表现出明显的健康风险.     

液桥凝聚用于办公废纸脱墨的研究

研究了混合办公废纸脱墨的选择性凝聚技术，在废纸浆中添加分散在水中并不与水相溶的长链烷作凝聚剂，这些凝聚剂选择性地将印刷墨粉通过液桥连结在一起，且形成大颗粒的球形聚团，再分选脱除。研究表明只需要加入占纸重量4％的廉价长链烷，即可获得95％以上的脱墨率。因此在混合办公废纸脱墨时加入凝聚剂进行液桥凝聚，可降低脱墨浆中的尘埃度并增加产品的白度。     

基于相对心率的体力劳动强度评价方法

体力劳动强度等级的合理划分是劳动者获得合理报酬和身心健康的重要保证。在研究现有体力劳动强度评价方法的基础上,通过实验进行数据的采集并对其进行标准化处理,然后运用回归分析方法建立起以相对心率为解释变量、RPE值为因变量的体力劳动强度评价模型,进行了年龄和环境因素的修正,最后在某企业进行了应用。该模型相对传统体力劳动强度评价方法的改进主要体现在三个方面:第一,指标值测量简单,提高了可操作性;第二,评价等级划分更精确;第三,考虑了年龄和环境因素。该方法在广大工矿企业具有较好的应用价值。     

办公楼疏散演练综合评估方法研究

我国每年进行数以万计的办公楼疏散演练,迫切需要科学有效的评估方法,以评估应急演练所体现出的应急准备能力,提高管理方和员工的疏散安全意识和能力。从疏散人员行为表现、组织实施疏散的指挥体系、疏散程序及相关保障条件等多方面综合考虑,将应急疏散组织体制机制分析、参演人员疏散行为观测及对其主观感受调查、计算机模拟分析三者有机结合,提出了一种办公楼疏散演练综合评估方法。运用该方法对一栋高层办公楼的疏散演练的策划、组织实施、疏散人员行为和主观感受等进行了全过程跟踪评估,系统描述了该方法的使用过程。     

电脑指向设备易用性测试方法研究

随着图形界面(GUI)在视屏作业中的大量使用,电脑用户已经很大程度上依赖于指向(Pointing)设备(比如鼠标)进行控制和操作。本项研究尝试研发电脑指向设备易用性测试方法,以更好的从工效学角度研究办公室视屏作业中的指向活动。指向设备易用性测试方法设计包括:标准化的指向测试;一系列能够准确描述指向的参数;用户满意度问卷。为了验证本测试方法,对具有代表性的笔记本电脑外接鼠标和内置触摸板进行了实验性的易用性测试。20名实验对象使用这两种设备完成了标准化的指向测试和满意度问卷。实验数据分析表明本指向设备易用性测试方法准确、有效。     

人机工程学在仪器仪表操纵机构设计中的应用

基于人机工程学的基本理论，结合人体结构尺寸和行为特性，着重论述了仪器仪表操纵机构的合理布置，操纵器间距离的确定，操纵器的选择方法以及设计原则。最终使仪器仪表的操纵机构最大限度地与人体结构相匹配，为操作者创造一个安全、健康、舒适的操作环境，使人机系统发挥出最大的效率。     

数控机床的人性化设计研究

人性化设计是工业设计研究中一个非常重要的课题,对人性的关怀是每个工业设计师不变的追求.在数控机床的设计中,设计师应以人机工程理论为指导,充分考虑如何让使用者掌握数控机床的操作,解决诸如程序设计、人机对话、心理负荷、故障诊断和处理、系统安全以及社会心理等问题.这是数控机床人性化设计的关键,也就是如何设计出和谐的人机系统,创造一种良好的人机互动.